December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 30

L AW R E V I E W

a traditional public forum is subject
to strict scrutiny and will be upheld
only if it is narrowly drawn to serve
a compelling governmental interest. "
Content-neutral time, place and
manner regulations...are permitted
in traditional public forums if the
regulations are narrowly tailored to
serve a significant governmental interest and leave open ample alternative channels of communication.
Moreover, the federal appeals
court found previous opinions issued
by the U.S. Supreme Court indicated " a content-neutral ban on all private, unattended displays in a city's
parks is very likely to be a legitimate
time, place and manner regulation. "
Further, the court found no " private
constitutional right to erect a structure on public property " because
such a right in " our traditional public forums, such as our public parks,
would [allow parks to] be cluttered
with all manner of structures. "

constitutional " heckler's veto. " The
heckler's veto doctrine applies in situations where a particular speaker is
silenced because his speech invites
opposition, disorder or violence.
The federal district court disagreed
and dismissed the committee's claim.
In so doing, the federal district court
found the city's policy of banning all
unattended displays in Palisades Park
was content neutral and a valid time,
place and manner regulation consistent with Free Speech Clause of the
First Amendment. The committee
28	 Parks & Recreation

appealed to the United States Court
of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Parks a Traditional Public Forum
As noted by the Ninth Circuit Court
of Appeals, all parties agreed that
Palisades Park was a " traditional
public forum. " Since public parks
are categorized as such for First
Amendment purposes, the court acknowledged that the government's
ability to regulate speech is " sharply circumscribed. " Specifically, " a
content-based speech regulation in

| D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5 | W W W. N R PA . O R G

Heckler's Veto
In this particular instance, the committee conceded that the challenged
ordinance was content neutral. In
other words, the ordinance did not
discriminate between particular displays based on their content. On the
contrary, the ordinance effectively
banned all unattended displays in
Palisades Park. That being said, the
committee claimed the reaction by
atheist groups to the religious content
of their displays prompted the city's
ban on all unattended displays in
Palisades Park. As a result, the committee claimed the ban invoked the
" heckler's veto " doctrine wherein it
may be unconstitutional for the government to restrict or " veto " speech
in reaction to the opposition of other
antagonistic observers or " hecklers. "
The [heckler's veto] doctrine pro-



December 2015 - Parks & Recreation

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of December 2015 - Parks & Recreation

December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 1
December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 2
December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 3
December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 4
December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 5
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December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 28
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December 2015 - Parks & Recreation - 30
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