January 2021 - Parks & Recreation - 30

L AW R EV I EW

In the case of Martin v. Warren, Plaintiffs petitioned the
federal district court to issue a preliminary injunction
declaring an Emergency Order restricting gatherings a
violation of their First Amendment rights.

COVID-19 Emergency Order
Regulated Park Protest
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

I

n the case of Martin v. Warren, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 154979
(8/26/2020), the federal district court considered a constitutional
challenge to an Emergency Order issued by the Mayor of Rochester, New York, Lovely Warren. The Emergency Order restricted gatherings of more than four persons outdoors and more than nine
persons indoors in the City of Rochester between the hours of 11 p.m.
and 5 a.m. Mayor Warren purportedly issued the Emergency Order to
combat two evils:

A failure by citizens during the
overnight hours to observe practices required to prevent the spread
of [the coronavirus] (COVID-19);
and, a simultaneous increase in
gun violence during the overnight
hours at large social gatherings in
the City.
In their lawsuit, Plaintiffs petitioned the federal district court
to issue a preliminary injunction
28

Parks & Recreation

declaring the Emergency Order
unconstitutional on its face and as
applied, in violation of the First
Amendment.
To obtain a preliminary injunction that would temporarily block
enforcement of the Emergency
Order, Plaintiffs would have to
show that " they have suffered irreparable harm, that they have a
likelihood of success on the merits

| J A N UA RY 2 02 1 | PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N .O R G

in trial, that the balance of equities
tips in their favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest. "
In this case, Plaintiffs claimed
they would suffer irreparable
harm if the court did not grant
them a preliminary injunction
because " the loss of First Amendment freedoms, for even minimal
periods of time, unquestionably
constitutes irreparable injury. "
Plaintiffs further contended that
an injunction would be in the
public interest, since " the constitutional rights of protesters, legal
observers and journalists " are important to the public. In addition,
Plaintiffs maintained that they had
" raised serious First Amendment
questions, " and that the balance of



January 2021 - Parks & Recreation

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