July 2019 - Parks & Recreation - 28

LAW REVIEW

Camping Ordinance Criminalized
Homeless Status
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

O

n May 7, 2019, Denver voters overwhelmingly rejected a " Right
to Survive " referendum, which would have effectively repealed
the city's existing anti-camping ordinance in public parks and
spaces. This vote came in the wake of the federal appeals court
" City of Boise " opinion described herein. In this case, federal appeals court
for the 9th Circuit held unconstitutional any such camping ordinance, which
effectively criminalizes the mere status of being homeless. In an apparent response to this federal court opinion, several cities in the West have reportedly
ceased enforcing their anti-camping laws. (Search terms: Denver, homeless,
camping - See: www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/govdenver-homeless-camping-ban-voters-ballot.html;
www.denverpost.com/
2019/04/12/denver-initiative-300-camping-ban-homeless/)

The growing concern among
public park administrators is that
any such legislated " Right to Survive " or " Right to Shelter " policy would override existing urban
camping ordinances and could
also effectively nullify existing park
curfew regulations. Without direct26

Parks & Recreation

| J U LY 2 0 1 9 | W W W. PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N . O R G

ly addressing the lack of available
shelters and affordable housing for
the homeless, public parks could
become low-cost de facto open-air
homeless shelters with increased
trash and sanitation burdens threatening the environmental integrity
of park resources.

While rejecting a camping ordinance that could effectively criminalize the mere status of being
homeless, the federal appeals court
in the " City of Boise " opinion described below did not issue an absolute ban on such local laws. On the
contrary, the federal appeals court
found " an ordinance prohibiting
sitting, lying, or sleeping outside at
particular times or in particular locations, " as well as " an ordinance
barring the obstruction of public
rights of way or the erection of certain structures...might well be constitutionally permissible. "
In determining the constitutionality
of an existing or proposed anti-camping ordinance, the issue, however,
would be whether a law or regulation
" punishes a person for lacking the



July 2019 - Parks & Recreation

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