June 2020 - Parks & Recreation - 34

L AW R EV I EW

The federal district court reviewed
plaintiļ¬€s' freedom of speech claim.

the cross out of the festival area
and keep moving. After O'Connell requested to speak to Wilson's supervisor, Sergeant Sneeden arrived. Sneeden agreed that
O'Connell did not need to take
the cross out of the festival, but it
had to be disassembled. The cross
was approximately 30 inches
when disassembled, though it is
not part of O'Connell's message
when disassembled. O'Connell
kept his cross collapsed during the
entire time he preached in order
to avoid arrest. Plaintiffs planned
to go to New Bern's public spaces
during festivals and other events
in the future to share their religious message with the public.
In both 2015 and 2017, other
individuals were allowed to carry
five-foot-tall " windmills " on the
sidewalks and streets in and around
the Mumfest festival areas during
the Mumfest festival.
32

Parks & Recreation

Protected Speech Activities
In pertinent part, the First Amendment provides: " Congress shall
make no law abridging the freedom
of speech. " In addressing plaintiffs'
freedom of speech claim, the federal district court would first determine whether " the activity is speech
protected by the First Amendment. " In this particular instance,
the court had " no doubt that as a
general matter peaceful picketing
and leafletting are expressive activities involving 'speech' protected by
the First Amendment. "
Further, the court noted: " all
public streets are held in the public
trust and are properly considered
traditional public fora " for First
Amendment activities. Since the
" transactions or occurrences in
the instant case all occurred on
the streets and sidewalks of New
Bern, " the court found " the restrictions on plaintiffs' protected

| J U N E 2 02 0 | PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N .O R G

speech were applied in a traditional public forum. " The federal
district court would, therefore,
determine whether the City's " justifications for exclusion from the
relevant forum " satisfied the following constitutional standard for
regulating First Amendment activities in a public forum:
The government may impose
restrictions on the time, place, and
manner of speech protected by the
First Amendment, provided that
those restrictions (1) are justified
without reference to the content of
the regulated speech, (2) that they
are narrowly tailored to serve a
significant governmental interest,
and (3) that they leave open ample
alternative channels for communication of the information.
As noted by the federal district
court: " The pertinent issue with respect to content neutrality is whether the city has regulated speech
because of disagreement with the
message it contains. "
In this particular instance, the
court acknowledged New Bern
had a legitimate and significant
governmental interest in " ensuring public safety and order and
promoting the free flow of traffic
and sidewalks. " Further, the court
found the " flow of the crowd and
demands of safety are more pressing " in the context of a city fair,
like the Mumfest, including " a significant interest in regulating loud
and raucous noises. "
According to the court, New
Bern's regulations on picketing and
noise " need not be the least restrictive or least intrusive means " of
serving the city's legitimate governmental interests. On the other hand,
the federal district court acknowledged that narrowly tailored, con-



June 2020 - Parks & Recreation

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