March 2019 - Parks & Recreation - 40

CONSERVATION

noxyacetic acid (known as 2, 4-D).
While the use of these substances
is allowed in the United States and
the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency classifies glyphosate as not
likely to be carcinogenic, the International Agency for Research on
Cancer has labeled both glyphosate
and 2, 4-D as possible carcinogens.
There are currently more than 400
lawsuits filed against the Monsanto Company by cancer survivors
and the families of cancer victims.
These lawsuits blame the Monsanto herbicide Roundup, in which the
active ingredient is glyphosate, for
causing non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Beyond human health effects,
pesticides are detrimental to many
other species, including important
pollinators. Some types of neonicitoids, a common insecticide, have
been banned in Europe because of
their disastrous effect on honeybee
populations. Water contamination is also a concern: runoff and
leaching from both pesticides and
fertilizers can cause algal blooms,
presenting further hazards to a
broader range of ecosystems.

The use of compost tea has helped
Boston's Rose Kennedy Greenway reduce
its fertilizer applications by 50 percent.

38

Parks & Recreation

Synthetics can do even more
damage beyond impacting the stability of a system. Pesticides and
herbicides pose serious health
threats to anyone who is exposed to
the chemicals. In high-traffic spaces, like city parks, this is a cause for
concern. Two major ingredients
found in common pesticides are
glyphosate and 2, 4-dichlorophe-

| M A R C H 2 0 1 9 | W W W. PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N . O R G

Organic Management Challenges
These are some scary implications that come with the use of
conventional fertilizers and pesticides, especially when applied to
beloved and heavily used places
like city parks. Luckily, integrated
pest management and organic land
management offer a way around
this by helping scale back the use
of these substances or by offering
an alternative to using them at all.
However, organic management
is not without challenges, with public attitude, perhaps, being the biggest hurdle. While many people are
aware of the threats posed by syn-



March 2019 - Parks & Recreation

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