October 2013 - Parks & Recreation - 33

a breach of the duty is limited to the
unique facts presented in this case. "
In particular, the court emphasized
that " no ruling " was being made
" whether a duty to warn would arise
or be breached in a slightly different
situation, such as if the campers had
been at a nearby - but not the same
- campsite as the earlier bear attack
or if the campers had camped at the
site several days after an aggressive
bear encounter. " On the contrary, the
federal district court emphasized the
narrowness of its ruling, limited to a
particular situation wherein:
(1) there had been an aggressive
bear encounter at the identical site
where Plaintiffs set up camp; (2)
the encounter had been approximately 12 hours before Plaintiffs

arrived; and (3) it would not have
been onerous for Defendant to have
warned Plaintiffs about the earlier
attack (i.e., campers heading to the
dispersed sites had to travel through
the designated campground checkin point; there was a gate to which
a sign could have been posted; a sign
could have been posted at the campsite itself; or the campsite could have
been roped or taped off).
Special Relationship Duty
Similarly, in the subsequent state
court case, Francis v. State, 2013 UT
43; 2013 Utah LEXIS 115 (Utah
7/19/2013), the Supreme Court
of Utah found " the State owed the
Mulveys a duty because it undertook
specific action to protect them as the

next group to use the campsite. " In
so doing, the Utah high court found
" the State's actions, specifically directed at the Campsite, gave rise to a
special relationship between the State
and the Mulveys. "
According to the court, a " special
relationship and consequent duty "
would arise when a government defendant " knew of the likely danger
to an individual or distinct group
of individuals. " In this particular
instance, the court found the State
" had knowledge of a specific threat
and took action " given the fact that
the State " undertook specific protective actions after the bear attacked
Mr. Francom. "
In so doing, the court distinguished
the facts of this case from an earlier

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October 2013 - Parks & Recreation

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of October 2013 - Parks & Recreation

October 2013 - Parks & Recreation - 1
October 2013 - Parks & Recreation - 2
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