October 2020 - Parks & Recreation - 47

viewed as a means of preventing
the spread of COVID-19, not as
expressing any message. " Quoting precedent from the Supreme
Court, the federal district court
acknowledged: " It is possible to
find some kernel of expression in
almost every activity a person undertakes - for example, walking
down the street or meeting one's
friends at a shopping mall - but
such a kernel is not sufficient to
bring the activity within the protection of the First Amendment. "

Conclusion
Having found the plaintiffs had
not shown that the alleged " harm
they are facing is the result of constitutional violations, " the federal
district court denied the request

for a temporary restraining order
to enjoin the emergency order.
In so doing, the court found the
plaintiffs had tried to " minimize
the risks of this pandemic, but cite
no contrary scientific authority " to
demonstrate that the challenged
emergency order had " no real or
substantial relation to protecting
public health " or the " measures
are, beyond all question, a plain,
palpable invasion of rights secured
by the fundamental law. "
As noted by the federal district
court: " Public officials cannot responsibly exercise their broad authority to protect the health of the
entire community without considering the data, the science and
the advice of experienced public
health professionals. " In the face

of the COVID-19 crisis, the court
found Governor Hogan had indeed used executive powers granted by the state legislature to make
" reasonable choices informed, if
not dictated by, such data, science
and advice. "
POSTSCRIPT: As of August
2020, the business establishments
of defendants Antietam Battlefield KOA and Adventure Parks
USA, LLC, were open subject to
Governor Hogan's relaxed order
of June 10, 2020.
Read more at tinyurl.com/
y6xhafj5.
James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D., is an Attorney and Associate
Professor in the School of Sport, Recreation, and Tourism
Management at George Mason University (jkozlows@gmu.edu).
Webpage with link to law review articles archive (1982 to
present): mason.gmu.edu/~jkozlows.

2 0 2 0 N R PA A N N UA L C O N F E R E N C E : A V IR T UA L E X P ER I E N C E

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PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N .O R G | O C TO B E R 2 02 0 |

Parks & Recreation

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October 2020 - Parks & Recreation

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of October 2020 - Parks & Recreation

October 2020 - Parks & Recreation - 1
October 2020 - Parks & Recreation - 2
October 2020 - Parks & Recreation - 3
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