For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 28
that the parolee committed charged conduct that
shows that he is at fault for the discharge.18
Clear and Convincing Evidence
Should be the Standard to Sustain a
Revocation.
This argument has history against it. But, logic
and fundamental fairness support it. Traditionally,
only a preponderance of the evidence, the lowest
burden of proof, has been required to revoke
probation and parole. It has been noted, without
analysis, as the burden of proof in numerous decisions.19 However, the Due Process issue of whether
the higher burden of proof of clear and convincing
is required is one of first impression. It is a strong
one if a court were to fairly consider it.
A technical violation hearing requires proof
of new specific at fault conduct, and revocation is
appropriate only when "the facts presented to the
court are probative and reliable."20 Sometimes,
the determination even presents critical factual
issues of alleged criminal conduct identical to those
involved in a criminal trial. In Commonwealth
v. Daisy Kates,21 the Court held that a technical
violation hearing may be held based on alleged
criminal conduct before a pending criminal trial
involving the same alleged conduct. In some counties, like Philadelphia, such Daisy Kates hearings
are a common occurrence.
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that
state law collateral estoppel principles apply when
a criminal trial ends in an acquittal, and the state
then proceeds to a revocation hearing based on
the same alleged criminal conduct. The Court recognized that the violation hearing is part of the
criminal justice system, the issues are essentially
the same as at trial, and revocation involves a loss
of liberty.22
The Fourteenth Amendment argument is principally based on Addington v. Texas, where the
Court held that the Due Process Clause required
We are proud to support the Pennsylvania
Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
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28
For The Defense | Vol. 1, Issue 3
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016
Contents
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 1
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 2
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - Contents
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 4
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 5
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 6
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 7
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 8
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For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 18
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For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 21
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