Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA6

line (not the line for midnight). Opposition
is marked there by a symbol, as
for Saturn on the night of August 13-14.
Moonrise and moonset can be told
apart by whether the round limb - the
outside edge - of the Moon symbol faces
right (waxing Moon sets) or left (waning
Moon rises). Or follow the nearly
horizontal row of daily Moon symbols
across the chart to find the word Rise or
Set. Quarter Moons are indicated by a
larger symbol. Full Moon is always a large
bright disk whether rising or setting; the
circle for new Moon is open. P and A
mark dates when the Moon is at perigee
and apogee (nearest and farthest from
Earth, respectively).
Mercury and Venus never stray far from
the twilight bands. Their dates of greatest
elongation from the Sun are shown by ◗
symbols on their rising or setting curves.
Asterisks mark their dates of greatest
illuminated extent in square arcseconds.
For example, this occurs for Venus on the
morning of February 12th this year.
Meteor showers are marked by a starburst
symbol on the date of peak activity
and at the time when the shower's radiant
is highest in the night sky. This is
often just as morning twilight begins.
Julian dates can be found from the
numbers just after the month names
on the chart's left. The Julian Day, a
seven-digit number, is a running count
of days beginning with January 1, 4713
BC. Its first four digits this year are 2459,
as indicated just off the chart's upper left
margin. To find the last three digits for
evenings in January, add 580 to the date.
For instance, on the evening of January
9th we have 580 + 9 = 589, so the Julian
Day is 2,459,589. For North American
observers this number applies all night,
because the next Julian Day always
begins at 12:00 Universal Time (6:00
a.m. Central Standard Time).
Time Corrections
All events on this Skygazer's Almanac are
plotted for an observer at longitude 90°
west and latitude 40° north, near the
population center of North America.
However, you need not live near Peoria,
Illinois, to use the chart. Simple corrections
will allow you to get times accurate
to a couple of minutes anywhere in
the world's north temperate latitudes.
Rising or Setting Corrections
Declination (North or South)
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
25°
0°
5° 10° 15° 20° 25°
14 23 32 43
10 14 19
9
7
3
3
5
8
7
6
12 16
11 16 23 30
16 24 32 42
To convert the charted time of an
event to your civil (clock) time, the following
corrections must be made. They
are mentioned in order of decreasing
importance:
* daylight-saving time. When this
is in effect, add one hour to any time
obtained from the chart.
* your longitude. The chart gives the
Local Mean Time (LMT) of events, which
differs from ordinary clock time by a
number of minutes at most locations.
Our civil time zones are standardized
on particular longitudes. Examples in
North America are Eastern Time, 75°W;
Central, 90°; Mountain, 105°; and
Pacific, 120°. If your longitude is very
close to one of these (as is true for New
Local Mean Time Corrections
Atlanta
Boise
Boston
Buffalo
Chicago
Cleveland
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
El Paso
Helena
Honolulu
Houston
+38
+45
-16
+15
-10
+27
+27
+32
+6
+28
+31
+21
Indianapolis +44
Jacksonville +27
Kansas City +18
Athens
Baghdad
Beijing
Belgrade
Cairo
Istanbul
Jerusalem
+25
+3
+14
-22
-8
+4
-21
Los Angeles
Memphis
Miami
New York
Pittsburgh
St. Louis
-7
+21
Minneapolis +13
New Orleans
-4
Philadelphia +1
Phoenix
+28
+20
+1
Salt Lake City +28
San Francisco +10
Santa Fe
Seattle
Tulsa
Washington
Lisbon
Madrid
New Delhi
Rome
Seoul
Tehran
Tokyo
+4
+9
+24
+8
+36
+75
+21
+10
+32
+4
-19
Orleans and Denver), luck is with you
and this correction is zero. Otherwise, to
get standard time add 4 minutes to times
obtained from the chart for each degree
of longitude that you are west of your
time-zone meridian. Or subtract 4 minutes
for each degree you are east of it.
For instance, Washington, DC (longitude
77°), is 2° west of the Eastern Time
meridian. So at Washington, add 8 minutes
to any time obtained from the chart.
The result is Eastern Standard Time.
Find your time adjustment and memorize
it. The table below left shows the
corrections from local to standard time,
in minutes, for some major cities.
* rising and setting. These times need
correction if your latitude differs from
40° north. This effect depends strongly
on a star or planet's declination. (The
declinations of the Sun and planets are
listed monthly in Sky & Telescope.)
If your site is north of latitude 40°,
then an object with a north declination
stays above the horizon longer than
the chart shows (it rises earlier and sets
later), whereas one with a south declination
spends less time above the horizon.
At a site south of 40°, the effect is just
the reverse. Keeping these rules in mind,
you can gauge the approximate number
of minutes by which to correct a rising or
setting time from the table above.
Finally, the Moon's rapid orbital
motion affects lunar rising and setting
times if your longitude differs from 90°
west. The Moon rises and sets about two
minutes earlier than the chart shows
for each time zone east of Central Time,
and two minutes later for each time zone
west of it. European observers can simply
shift each rising or setting Moon symbol
leftward a quarter of the way toward the
one for the previous night.
For reprints (item SGA22W, $4.95 each) or to order a
similar chart for latitude 50° north or 30° south, go
to: shopatsky.com/collections/calendars-almanacs
Skygazer's Almanac 2022 is a
supplement to Sky & Telescope
Magazine, One Alewife Center,
Suite 300B, Cambridge, MA
02140, USA, skyandtelescope.
org. ©2021 AAS Sky Publishing,
LLC. All rights reserved.
North Latitude
http://www.shopatsky.com/collections/calendars-almanacs

Sky & Telescope - January 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Sky & Telescope - January 2022

Contents
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - Cover1
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - Cover2
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 1
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - Contents
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 3
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 4
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 5
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 6
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 7
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 8
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 9
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 10
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 11
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 12
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 13
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 14
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 15
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 16
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 17
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 18
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 19
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 20
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 21
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 22
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 23
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 24
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 25
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 26
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 27
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 28
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 29
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 30
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 31
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 32
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 33
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 34
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 35
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 36
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 37
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 38
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 39
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 40
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 41
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 42
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 43
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 44
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 45
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 46
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 47
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 48
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 49
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 50
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 51
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 52
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 53
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 54
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 55
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 56
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 57
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 58
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 59
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 60
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 61
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 62
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 63
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 64
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 65
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 66
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 67
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 68
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 69
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 70
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 71
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 72
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 73
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 74
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 75
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 76
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 77
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 78
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 79
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 80
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 81
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 82
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 83
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - 84
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - Cover3
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - Cover4
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA1
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA2
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA3
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA4
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA5
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA6
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA7
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA8
Sky & Telescope - January 2022 - SA9
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