American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 27
Hookworms In Color And Sound
By means of microcinematography, Venezuela researchers record habits of dreaded
tropical parasite. Simultaneously, the electrical potentials produced by its sucking
motion were converted electronically into sound and recorded on magnetic tape.
1 and 2) which allowed filming close to the micro¬
scope's eyepiece.
In addition, it was necessary to interpose an ex¬
tension tube one-inch long between objective and
camera. The 35mm lens was ideal for obtaining an
image covering the complete field of the frame. For
larger magnifications of the object higher magnifica¬
tions through the microscope were utilized. The
microscope lenses are of course all achromatic. After
several tests it was discovered that the ordinary
lighting from the microscope was sufficient, as long
as the maximum intensity was used. Focusing was
performed through the microscope's own mechanism,
the camera lens being set at infinity. It was often
difficult to achieve sharp focus on the groundglass
surface but the resulting image turned out exceed¬
ingly sharp.
The Photography
As the Flookworm is a real and live being, shoot¬
ing was done at the standard speed of 24 fps. Once
FIG. 4-35mm film frame reproduc¬
tions show hookworm sucking blood.
Mouth and esophagus are clearly
visible.
DECEMBER
* 1960
FIG. 5-Sequence of 35mm frames
showing blood being expelled by
hookworm in a cigarette smoke-like
pattern.
the worm was framed on the microscope field the
image was "passed" to the camera field for the final
framing and refocusing. It was invariably very diffi¬
cult to keep the worm centered because of its active
movements, all of them unpredictable and mostly
out of the camera field. After many hours, days and
weeks we finally got the desired shots of the worms
sucking blood. It was impressive to see how much
blood one worm could ingest and to observe through
the microscope how the blood gushed into the worm's
mouth and through the esophagus (Fig. 4).
We found it easier to focus and shoot when the
worms started to suck, at which time they remained
relatively quiet for longer periods of time. In this
way we were able to make "cuts", showing first a
long shot, followed by medium and closeup shots of
the worm (Fig. 6). After obtaining the shots show¬
ing how the worms suck blood it was then necessary
to show how they expel it. With a special apparatus
Continued on Page 761
FIG. 6-Closeup of hookworm's mouth as seen through the
microscope. Parasite's peculiar sucking motion produced elec¬
trical potentials which were converted electronically into sound
and recorded on tape for picture's soundtrack.
733
American Cinematographer - December 1960
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Cinematographer - December 1960
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 1
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 2
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 3
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 4
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 5
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 6
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 7
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 8
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 9
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 10
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 11
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 12
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 13
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 14
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 15
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 16
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 17
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 18
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 19
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 20
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 21
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 22
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 23
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 24
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 25
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 26
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 27
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 28
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 29
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 30
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 31
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 32
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 33
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 34
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 35
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 36
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 37
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 38
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 39
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 40
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 41
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 42
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 43
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 44
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 45
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 46
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 47
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 48
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 49
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 50
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 51
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 52
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 53
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 54
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 55
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 56
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 57
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 58
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 59
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 60
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 61
American Cinematographer - December 1960 - 62
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