Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - 29
An Introduction to Digital Terminology
ceptor sites- two green, one red and one blue. Threechip cameras record red, green and blue on three separate
chips. (See Figures 6, 7 and 8, pages 53 and 57.)
BINARY CODE: The mathematical base of digital systems
that uses combinations of only 0 and 1 to represent all
values. A mathematical representation of a number to
base 2.
BIT: The smallest increment of digital information. A bit is
a digit of binary code which can define only two states-
0 or 1, on or off, black or white.
BIT DEPTH: B it depth determines the number of steps
available to describe the brightness of a color. In a 1-bit
system, there is only 0 and 1, black and white. An 8-bit
system has 256 steps, or numbers from 0- 255 (255 shades
of gray). U ntil recently, 8-bit was standard for video and
all monitors. Most monitors still have only 8-bit drivers,
but many HD video systems support 10-bit signals
through their image-processing pipelines.
A 10-bit system has 1024 steps, allowing more steps
to portray subtle tones. A linear representation of light
values, however, would assign a disproportionate number
of steps to the highlight values- the top range of
512- 1024 would define only one f-stop, while leaving
0- 512 to define all the rest. A logarithmic representation
of code numbers, however, gives equal representation
across the full dynamic range of film negative- in 10-bit
space, 9 0 code values for each f-stop. This allows for more
precision to define shadow detail. For this reason, 10-bit
log is the standard for recording digital images back to
film. Some publishing color applications use a 16-bit
system for even more control and detail. The cost of the
additional bits is disk space, memory, bandwidth and
processing time.
The consequence of too few bits can be artifacts-
flaws in the image introduced by some image processing.
Some artifacts include banding, where a smooth gradient
29
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer
Table of Contents
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover1
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover2
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - i
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - ii
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - iii
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Table of Contents
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Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover3
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover4
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