The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - 44

Vanessa D. Johnson • Young-Shin Kang • George F. Thompson

responsible for undergraduate residents. The RACD was administered during regularly scheduled in-service trainings for RAs at each institution, providing a convenience sample. Participating institutions were selected because of their unique characteristics (Johnson & Kang, 2006).

RESuLTS
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed on the RACD using the AMOS 5.0 computer program (Arbuckle, 1999). Figure 1 displays the model explored with CFA. It shows the relationships of observed items to the five factors of the RACD and the resulting path coefficients. The fit of the model was assessed with multiple methods. The RACD was found to be internally consistent (Cronbach’s α = .73). Total variance was 10.78. Table 1 provides the factors and related items of the RACD questionnaire. Table 2 summarizes the goodness-of-fit measure used to test the hypothesized structure of the RACD. Various authors (e.g., Bentler, 1993; Byrne, 2001; MacDonald & Ho, 2002) have recommended using a variety of fit criteria. This approach was employed in the present analysis. For example, the NFI (Normed Fit Index), which compares the proposed model to the null model (a hypothetical model that has a complete lack of fit), has been in existence longer and has been used more often than other incremental fit indices. The TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index) combines a measure of parsimony into a comparative index between the proposed and null models. The CFI (Comparative Fit Index) was developed by Bentler to take sample size into account; evidence suggested that the NFI had a tendency to underestimate fit in small samples. The RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) was designed to correct the tendency of the chi-square statistic to reject well-fitted models analyzed with large samples. The RMSEA estimates the goodness of fit that would be expected in the population rather than in the sample drawn for evaluation.

Data Analysis
The RACD was studied with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), as is often the case with multifactor instruments (van Prooijen & van der Kloot, 2001). Exploratory factor analysis allows a researcher to examine whether the factor structure of the test can be found and replicated in a new study. However, EFA is data driven and involves a number of subjective and controversial decisions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was considered a more appropriate approach (Byrne, 2001; Hair, Anderson, Tatham, & Black, 1998) because it studies how well the data fits a hypothetical structure. In this case, the hypothetical structure was the five factors of the RACD. The CFA determined how well the items predicted the factor they were designed to assess. More specifically, with CFA a model is tested that specifies in advance the relationship between observed variables (test items) and the factors (called latent variables). The fit of the model to the data can be evaluated with statistical procedures. The χ2 test, however, is very sensitive to conceptually unrelated technical conditions, like sample size or a violation of the multivariate normality assumption (van Prooijen & van der Kloot). Therefore, the fit of the model is often evaluated by means of a group of descriptive fit indices (MacDonald & Ho, 2002).

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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2

The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2
Contents
Letter from the Editor
Training Resident Assistants to Make Effective Referrals to Counseling
Professional Development Needs for New Residential Life Professionals
Structural Analysis of the Resident Assistant Cultural Diversity Questionnaire
Recent Alumni Perceptions of Hall Government Leadership Learning
Resident Assistants as Rule Enforcers Versus Friends: An Exploratory Study of Role Conflict
College Housing Dissertations: A Bounded Qualitative Meta-Study
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Intro
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Contents
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Letter from the Editor
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Training Resident Assistants to Make Effective Referrals to Counseling
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Professional Development Needs for New Residential Life Professionals
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Structural Analysis of the Resident Assistant Cultural Diversity Questionnaire
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Recent Alumni Perceptions of Hall Government Leadership Learning
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - Resident Assistants as Rule Enforcers Versus Friends: An Exploratory Study of Role Conflict
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 37, No. 2 - College Housing Dissertations: A Bounded Qualitative Meta-Study
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