The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 1 - 54
Maureen E. Wilson * Amy S. Hirschy * John M. Braxton
Table 3
Results of Multiple Regression Analysis of Admonitory Norms by Personal and Position
Characteristics
Inattentive
Administration
Developmental
Disregardad
Wielding Unfair
Advantage
Misleading
Marketing
ȕ
Inappropriate
Personal
Relationships
B
ȕ
B
ȕ
B
ȕ
B
ȕ
Female
.057
.060
.010
.009
.158
.119***
.102
.080* .198
.108**
Professional of Color
.056
.043
.070
.045
.071
.039
.063
.036
.089
.032
Education Level
-.080
-.106**
-.133
-.147***
-.104
-.098**
-.058
-.058
.026
.018
Years of HRL Experience
.031
.095**
.019
.048
-.043
-.094**
.035
.082*
.040
.041
Institutional Type: Private
-.048
-.047
-.069
-.056
-.064
-.046
-.011
-.008
.261
B
Personal Characteristics
.133***
F
4.37**
5.14***
9.01***
2.76*
6.14***
R2
0.02
0.26
0.045
0.01
0.03
Notes: B = Unstandardized regression coefficient, ȕ = Standardized regression coefficient; N=959.
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
Gender. Female HRLPs showed statistically significant stronger levels of objection for
three of the five admonitory norms than male
and transgender participants did. Differences
included Wielding Unfair Advantage ( ȕ = .119,
p < .001), Misleading Marketing ( ȕ = .080, p
< .05), and Inappropriate Personal Relationships ( ȕ = .108, p < .01).
Race/Ethnicity. There were no differences
of norm espousal by race/ethnicity.
Education level. There was a significant,
negative relationship between level of education and three admonitory norms, indicating
that HRLPs with lower levels of education
hold more contempt for Inattentive Administration ( ȕ = -.106, p < .01), Developmental
54
Disregard ( ȕ = -.147, p < .001), and Wielding
Unfair Advantage ( ȕ = -.104, p < .01).
Years of HRL experience. Professionals with
fewer years of experience deemed one admonitory norm as worthy of greater consequences
than those with more years of experience:
Wielding Unfair Advantage ( ȕ = -.094, p <
.01). In contrast, there were significant, positive relationships between years of experience
and Inattentive Administration ( ȕ = .095, p <
.01) and with Misleading Marketing ( ȕ = .082,
p < .05), signaling that more experienced professionals consider such normative violations
more egregious.
Institutional type. HRLPs at four-year private
institutions held a significantly more objection-
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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 1
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