The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 19

.PWJOHUIF/FFEMFPO3FTJEFOUJBM(1"T

significant difference in GPA (M = 3.08, SD =
0.902) when all grades were manipulated for
each of the three courses, t(1092) = -27.677,
p < .001.

*GCFODINBSLJOHHPBMTFYJTUJO

LIMITATIONS

provides at least one venue for

Several limitations exist with this study based
on the assumed outcomes of the hypothetical, course-specific support initiatives for each
class. The outcome for each course-the elevation of each student's course grade by one
letter grade-is an assumption that must be
considered carefully. Additional outcomes
exist for students who actually participate in
course-specific programming; it is not guaranteed that their final grade will increase by
one letter. A single student could participate
in course-specific programming and receive
(a) no change in their grade; (b) a letter grade
beyond one letter grade higher (i.e., earned
an "A" instead of a "C"); or (c) a lower grade.
Furthermore, this study assumed that every
student participated in the support initiatives
relative to them, an outcome unlikely to occur
in practice.

UBOHJCMZNPWJOHUIF(1"OFFEMFJO

This study did not consider the effect of
course-specific support initiatives on students
who withdrew from the course or took an incomplete. There are many factors that may
contribute to a student withdrawing from a
course (Boldt, Kassis, & Smith, 2017; Reed,
1981), one of which may be that they were
performing poorly and did not want their
grade to negatively impact their GPA (Akos
& James, 2017). In this case, course-specific programming might have helped them
elevate their grade to a satisfactory level, thus
positioning the student to complete the class
instead of withdrawing.

current housing strategic plans . . .
this study's framework and analysis

the positive direction.

Additionally, due to this research focusing solely on raising GPAs, any conclusions
drawn must be interpreted with caution due
to institution-specific priorities. GPA and
timely graduation rates are both indicators
of academic success, but they may not necessarily correlate for individual students. In the
example provided about a student withdrawing from a course to protect their semester
GPA from a lower grade (Akos & James, 2017),
that withdrawal may impede timely academic
progression due to course scheduling and sequencing; however, students who continue to
drop courses after their first semester experience a GPA drop (Wheland, Butler, Qammar,
Bobkoff Katz, & Harris, 2012). Thus, a student
who opts to take a "D" instead of withdrawing from a course will have a lower GPA, but
doing so would be less likely to impede timely
graduation.
Despite these limitations, this study provides value by beginning to fill the identified
gap in research on campus housing academic
support initiatives. The proposed hypothetical interventions may functionally mirror (in
part) SI, which bridges the gap in residentialspecific SI outcomes literature. More broadly,

7 0 - 6 . &    
  /0    t     

19



The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1

Contents
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - Intro
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - Cover1
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - Cover2
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 3
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 4
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 5
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 6
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - Contents
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 8
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 9
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 10
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 11
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 12
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 13
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 14
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 15
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 16
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 17
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 18
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 19
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 20
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 21
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 22
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 23
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 24
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 25
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 26
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 27
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 28
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 29
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 30
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 31
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 32
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 33
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 34
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 35
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 36
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 37
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 38
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 39
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 40
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 41
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 42
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 43
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 44
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 45
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 46
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 47
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 48
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 49
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 50
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 51
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 52
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 53
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 54
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 55
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 56
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 57
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 58
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 59
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 60
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 61
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 62
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 63
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 64
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 65
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 66
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 67
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 68
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 69
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 70
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 71
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 72
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 73
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 74
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 75
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 76
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 77
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 78
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 79
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 80
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 81
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 82
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 83
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 84
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 85
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 86
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 87
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 88
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 89
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 90
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 91
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 92
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 93
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 94
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - 95
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 45, No. 1 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol51no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol50no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol50no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol50no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol49no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol49no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol48no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol49no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol48no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol48no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol47no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol47no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/acuho-i/acuho/journal_vol47no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol46no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol46no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol46no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol45no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol45no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol45no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol44no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol44no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol44no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol43no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol43no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol43no1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol42no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol42no3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol41no2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/acuho/journal_vol40no2
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com