The Column - July 2008 - (Page 17)
July 2008 www.thecolumn.eu.com The Column Cleeve Mixed-Mode Solid-Phase Extraction of Basic Drugs from Biological Fluid Matthew Cleeve, Biotage, Uppsala, Sweden Introduction Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is the most widely used sample preparation technique for the isolation and concentration of semi-volatile or non-volatile analytes from aqueous and non-aqueous sample matrices. Compounds extracted using SPE are normally analysed by liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC). SPE can be used to isolate analytes of interest from a wide variety of matrices including urine, blood, water, beverages, soil, animal tissue and consumer products. Depending on the sample matrix, reversed-phase (non-polar), ion exchange or normal phase (polar) SPE are used. Isolation of analytes using non-polar and polar SPE is based on the polarity of the analytes, whereas with ion exchange SPE is based on the electrostatic interactions between the analytes of interest and the charged groups on the sorbent. Ion exchange can operate in two different modes; anion and cation exchange, depending on the nature of the analyte functional groups. One of the pressures on today’s sample preparation requirements is to provide adequate clean-up of the sample prior to analysis. In terms of LC–MS–MS analysis, the issue of ion suppression or enhancement due to matrix effects is a widely recognized area for concern with analytical scientists worldwide. In line with these issues, scientists are looking for more selective sample preparation approaches that will provide them with extracts of sufficient cleanliness to reduce or eliminate these matrix effects. One such sample preparation approach is mixed-mode SPE, as it provides both non-polar and ion exchange functionalities and is capable of removing the majority of interference compounds that would otherwise lead to inaccurate analyte quantification. Benefits SPE is largely used as an alternative to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), which is associated with many significant limitations, Combustion/Getty Images Author: Matthew Cleeve E-mail: product_info@biotage.com 17
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Column - July 2008
The Column - July 2008
Contents
Automation of Vitamin D Analysis to Provide Higher Throughput
News
Incognito
Market Trends and Analysis
Mixed-Mode Solid-Phase Extraction of Basic Drugs from Biological Fluid
Enhancing GC–MS Analysis of Trace Compounds using a Dynamic Approach to Reducing Background Interference
LC–MS–MS Analysis of Antibiotics in Wastewater
Q&A
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