American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 40

SpecialReport: Oil & Gas Computing
greater than 70 percent of the stage's
fluid volume and proppant concentrated
in the two perforation clusters closest to
the heel of the stage. By comparison,
there were no stages in which a similar
70 percent of the stage fluid volume and
proppant were concentrated in the perforation clusters closest to the toe.
In addition to heel bias, single perforation/fracture dominance was observed
consistently. Four of the 14 stages showed
a single perforation cluster taking two

times or more fluid volume and proppant
than the perforation cluster that took the
next largest fluid/proppant amount for
that stage. Two of the stages (stages 4
and 13) showed a single perforation
cluster taking three times more fluid/proppant than the perforation cluster that took
the next largest amounts.
Figure 3 is a DAS distribution profile
summary of proppant placement, showing
the breakdown of the total proppant that
exited any given cluster for all 14 stages.

FIGURE 3
Summary of DAS Distribution Profile of Proppant Placement
300,000

250,000

Proppant (lbs)

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

FIGURE 4
DTS (Top) and DAS (Middle) Profiles of Stage 4 Plotted in Time

Stage 4 Imported Pump Data
60

14,000

55

3

50

12,000

45
10,000

40
35

8,000

2

30
25

6,000

20
4,000

1

15
10

2,000

5
0

0
11:30:00 PM

12:00:00 AM

12:30:00 AM

1:00:00 AM

1:30:00 AM

40 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER

2:00:00 AM

2:30:00 AM

3:00:00 AM

3:30:00 AM

4:00:00 AM

0

Perforation inactivity was frequently observed as well. In nine of the 14 stages
(11 of the total 64 perforation clusters),
one or more perforation clusters took
less than 25 percent of the planned proppant.
In general, diverter effectiveness was
inconsistent. All 14 stages were pumped
with two or three sand ramps (the design
called for three each stage), with diverter
applied between the sand ramps.
Despite fairly similar surface pressure
responses attributed to the diverter, DAS
observations indicated that the downhole
diverter effect was quite different than
expected. The completion design assumed
the diverter would reduce or stop treatment
entry into any clusters taking a preponderance of the fracturing treatment, and
then divert the treatment into clusters
that had not received significant treatment.
As an example of this behavior, Figure
4 is a composite figure showing the DTS
(top), DAS (middle), and pump curve
(bottom) for stage 4. This stage consisted
of four perforation clusters, which are
shown to the left of the DAS/DTS traces.
The x-axis represents the time scale for
the treatment. Both the DTS and DAS
traces indicate treatment distribution into
all four clusters during the first ramp,
with a stronger signature in the heelmost clusters (top of the figure).
The diverter then was added during
the flush of this ramp. At approximately
the time this first diverter stage arrived at
the perforation clusters, the cluster closest
to the toe (bottom in the figure) was effectively shut off.
After the second diverter stage arrived
down hole (pumped during the flush of
the second stage), minimal change occurred in the treatment diversion. An
analysis of the calculated percentage of
proppant distribution associated with the
fiber behavior in Figure 4 makes it obvious
that the initial dominant cluster remained
the dominant cluster throughout the entire
treatment.
Fracture Modeling
The disparate allocation of treatment
volume among respective perforation
clusters within each frac stage raises the
critical question of what fracture geometry
is likely to develop from any given cluster.
Fracture modeling was undertaken to develop insights into fracture geometries,
proppant concentrations, and fracture
conductivities created by the completion.



American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 4
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 5
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 6
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 7
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 8
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 9
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 10
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 11
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 12
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 13
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 14
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 15
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 16
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 17
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 18
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 19
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 20
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 21
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 22
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 23
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 24
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 25
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 26
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 27
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 28
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 29
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 30
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 31
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 32
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 33
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 34
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 35
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 36
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 37
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 38
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 39
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 40
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 41
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 42
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 43
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 44
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 45
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 46
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 47
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 48
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 49
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 50
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 51
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 52
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 53
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 54
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 55
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 56
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 57
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 58
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 59
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 60
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 61
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 62
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 63
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 64
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 65
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 66
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 67
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 68
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 69
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 70
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 71
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 72
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 73
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 74
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 75
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 76
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 77
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 78
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 79
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 80
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 81
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 82
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 83
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 84
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 85
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 86
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 87
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 88
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 89
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 90
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 91
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 92
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 93
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 94
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 95
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 96
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 97
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 98
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 99
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 100
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 101
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 102
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 103
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 104
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 105
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 106
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 107
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 108
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 109
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 110
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 111
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 112
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 113
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 114
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 115
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202403
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202402
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202401
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios_202310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202306
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202302
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201802
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201707
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201706
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201704
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201703
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201702
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201701
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201612
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201611
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios2016_programguide
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201609
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201608
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201607
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201606
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201605
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201604
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201603
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201602
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201601
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201512
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201511
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201510
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201509
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201508
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201507
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201505
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201504
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201503
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201502
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201501
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201412
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201411
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201410
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201409
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios2014_programguide
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201408
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201407
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201406
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201405
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201404
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201403
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201402
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201401
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201306
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201302
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/2012_pbios
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/demo/aogr_clone
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201112
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com