American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 70

SpecialReport: Well Stimulation & Completion Technology

Recovery Factor

Contact Angle
By using a tetrahedral sodium silicate monomer from Mako Chemicals & Services LLC
in stimulation fluids, operators can achieve a low contact angle between oil and the rock.
The company says this low contact angle shows how effectively the monomer water
wets the formation and increases recovery factors.

At a concentration of one gallon per
thousand barrels of fluid, the angle has
gone from 83 degrees to 57, and at two
gallons per thousand barrels of fluid, it
has fallen fall from 73 degrees to 50," Ti-

etjen reports. "The second-generation
surfactant should be incredibly effective
not only in initial completions, but also
in restimulation jobs, frac hit protection
treatments and waterfloods."

Versatile Monomer
The more water-wet the formation,
the higher the well's recovery factor, observes Shawn Kurtz, a technical services
consultant at Mako Chemicals & Services
LLC. He says the ability to water-wet
formations can be measured through the
contact-angle tests developed by Schechter.
"With a tetrahedral sodium silicate
monomer, we can achieve contact angles
below 40 degrees without using a surfactant," Kurtz says. "Schechter's research
suggests these contact angles should recover 40-50 percent of the oil in place, a
substantial improvement over the 20-30
percent recoveries typically seen."
Kurtz says these low contact angles
were achieved on chips from an area of
the Eagle Ford that starts 85-90 percent
oil wet. "If we can get 36-38 degree
contact angles in the Eagle Ford Shale
by giving the monomer time to imbibe, I
am excited to think what we could accomplish by adding a strong surfactant
package to speed the reaction time," he
comments.
Field trials have only reinforced Kurtz's

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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - Intro
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 4
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 6
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 7
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 8
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 9
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 10
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 11
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 13
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 36
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2018 - 37
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