American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2019 - 67

SpecialReport: Stimulation & Completion Technology
FIGURE 3A

FIGURE 3B

2,600

100%

2,400

90%

2,200
80%

Formation H20

1,800
1,600

% Produced Water Volume

Produced Water Volume (bbl/d)

2,000

Frac H20

1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600

70%

Formation H20

60%
50%

Frac H20

40%
30%
20%

400
10%

200

0%

03
/1
03 9/17
/2
04 6/17
/02
04 /17
/0
04 9/1
/1 7
04 6/17
/2
04 3/17
/3
05 0/17
/07
05 /17
/1
05 4/17
/2
05 1/17
/2
06 8/17
/0
06 4/1
/1 7
06 1/17
/1
06 8/17
/2
07 5/17
/02
07 /17
/0
07 9/17
/1
07 6/17
/2
07 3/17
/3
08 0/17
/0
08 6/17
/1
08 3/17
/2
08 0/17
/27
/17

03
/1
03 9/17
/2
04 6/17
/02
04 /17
/0
04 9/1
/1 7
04 6/17
/2
04 3/17
/3
05 0/17
/07
05 /17
/1
05 4/17
/2
05 1/17
/2
06 8/17
/0
06 4/1
/1 7
06 1/17
/1
06 8/17
/2
07 5/17
/02
07 /17
/0
07 9/17
/1
07 6/17
/2
07 3/17
/3
08 0/17
/0
08 6/17
/1
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08 0/17
/27
/17

0

Date

Date

An example of the mixing model combined with produced water
volumes is shown in barrels a day at left and as a percentage of
produced water volume at right. Time lapse water isotope data al-

and production.
The δ18OH2O and δDH2O values of
samples collected from the shallow (200to 400-foot) water wells and surface

lowed for the calculation of relative contributions of frac versus
formation water.

ponds holding frac source water form a
distinct population near the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), indicating
that they are waters sourced by geologi-

cally recent precipitation.
This signature is distinct from the
spot samples collected from legacy producing Niobrara and Codell wells in the

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www.igcworld.com
DECEMBER 2019 67



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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2019

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2019 - Intro
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2019 - 1
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