American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 48
SpecialReport: Well Completion Technology
Besides reservoir permeability and
fracture half-length as traditionally defined by FcD fracture or cluster spacing,
production time and well spacing are
important drivers of fracture conductivity
requirements in horizontal wells because
of the impact on reservoir flow regimes.
While FcD can be used for initial " ballpark " conductivity requirements, its optimum value is a moving target in unconventional horizontal wells. This implies that more detailed reservoir and
fracture modeling, in conjunction with
net present value analysis using actual
completion costs, must be performed
for each specific case to truly optimize
required fracture conductivities.
Permian Basin Examples
To illustrate the economic trade-off
and quantify the impact of using regional
versus white sand, Figure 3 shows simulated production (left) and economic (right)
performance during the first three years
for a 7,800-foot lateral with 52 stages in
the Lower Spraberry in the Midland Basin.
There is no dispute that white sand
offers superior conductivity to regional
Permian sand under field conditions. For
40/70-mesh sand at a concentration for
0.5 pounds per square foot, white sand
has 50% higher conductivity than Permian
sand. Yet for this Lower Spraberry well,
even though cumulative oil production
after three years is 5% higher for 40/70
white sand (left), the graph at right illustrates that 40/70 regional sand enjoys a
13.5% advantage in net present value
thanks to its lower cost.
As part of the analysis, neural networks
were applied to a database consisting of
reservoir, completion, frac and production
information from 302 horizontal Wolfcamp
B completions in 10 counties in the Permian. The wells have widely varying
completion designs, with lateral lengths
ranging between 4,000 and 15,000 feet,
proppant intensities between 500 and
4,000 pounds/foot, and frac stage spacing
between 59 and 769 feet. Figure 4 shows
cross-plots of production versus proppant
mass per foot (left) and true vertical depth
FIGURE 3
Cumulative Production (Left) and NPV (Right) by Proppant Type for Lower Spraberry Well
70,000
1.75
60,000
1.25
40,000
NPV ($MM)
Cumulative Oil Production (bbl)
50,000
30,000
0.75
0.25
20,000
-0.25
10,000
White 40/70
White 40/70
Regional 40/70
0
Regional 40/70
-0.75
1
0
2
0
3
1
2
3
Year
Year
FIGURE 4
Production versus Proppant Mass (Left) and TVD (Right) by Sand Type for Wolfcamp B Wells
40
40
White Sand
Regional Sand
White Sand
30
365-Day Oil (bbl/ft)
30
365-Day Oil (bbl/ft)
Regional Sand
20
10
20
10
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
Proppant Mass Per Lateral Foot (lbs/ft)
48 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER
4,000
5,000
0
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Total Vertical Depth (ft)
10,000
11,000
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020
Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - Intro
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 4
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 5
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 6
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 7
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 8
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 9
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 10
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 11
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 12
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 13
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 14
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 15
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 16
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 17
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 18
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 19
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 20
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 21
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 22
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 23
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 24
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 25
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 26
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 27
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 28
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 29
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 30
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 31
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 32
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 33
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 34
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 35
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 36
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 37
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 38
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 39
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 40
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 41
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 72
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 73
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - 74
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - Cover3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2020 - Cover4
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