American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 63

Wireline-Deployed Acid
Improves Frac Efficiency,
Reduces Costs In Niobrara
By Matt Schwartz,
Kye Yocham
and Daniel Allison
DENVER-In the multiple-bench Niobrara play in the
Denver-Julesburg Basin, horizontal plug-and-perf
operations typically pump down the plug and guns
through wireline and a pump down unit with freshwater
or produced water. Once the plug has been set and the
perforating guns have been discharged, wireline pulls
out of the hole, the well is swapped to the frac spread
and fracturing operations start pumping down the ball.
In these operations, it is common to pump 7.5%15.0%
hydrochloric acid immediately after dropping the
ball to clean up near-wellbore damage associated with
the perf charges and dissolve any acid-soluble material
in the formation. The pumping rate generally is held
steady at a low rate until the ball is seated on the plug
and acid hits the perforations. At the moment acid hits
the perforations, pressure typically plunges, allowing
the designed frac pump rate to be achieved.
However, recent developments in plug design,
materials and components have been introduced that
can help improve overall efficiencies. Among these
new developments are ball-in-place or ball-in-cage plug
designs that allow for zonal isolation to be completed
in one step. This is significant because it saves time and
fluid by eliminating the unnecessary overflushing of
fluid into the previously completed zone. Moreover, if
acid still is required to help with breakdown pressures
for fracture initiation, the water and time savings
provided by the ball-in-place plug cannot be fully
appreciated because of the subsequent overflush
required to displace acid into the perforations.
DECEMBER 2021 63

American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - Intro
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 4
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 6
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 7
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 8
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 9
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 10
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 11
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 12
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 13
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 14
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 15
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 16
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 17
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 18
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 19
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 20
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 21
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 27
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 28
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 30
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 31
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 33
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 35
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 36
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 37
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 60
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 62
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 63
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - 82
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - Cover3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2021 - Cover4
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