AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 92
P&E
SAVVY MAINTENANCE
TENSION JOINT
SHEAR JOINT
A BOLTED JOINT may be
loaded in tension, in
shear, or in a combination of the two.
TIGHTENING THE BOLT stretches it like a
92 |
spring, establishing an elastic tension called
preload and an opposite clamping force
that holds the joint firmly together.
are trying to pull that joint apart 1,200
times a minute
The key to understanding how such
joints work is realizing that the tightened
bolt is acting like a stretched spring (albeit
a very stiff one). The more the bolt is tightened, the more it stretches. The stretching
force on the bolt caused by tightening it is
called preload and it creates the clamping
force that holds the joint firmly together
so that the joined items cannot separate.
Now, if you pull on a spring you can see
it stretch. When you release the tension,
the spring returns to its original shape. The
technical term for this property is elastic.
However, if you stretch a spring too much,
it will deform and not return to its original
shape-it will become plastic if stretched
beyond its elastic limit.
The same is true of a bolt. There's a
limit to how far you can stretch it before it
deforms permanently. It's variously known
as the elastic limit or the yield point of the
bolt. So, to make the tension joint as strong
as possible, the bolt should be tightened to
obtain a preload that is close to but not
beyond the bolt's yield point. Critical fasteners typically have a proof load rating
that provides a bit of safety margin below
the actual yield point.
WHY PRELOAD IS CRUCIAL
Suppose we tighten the bolt and stretch it
enough to create a preload of 2,000 pounds.
That produces an equal but opposite
2,000-pound clamping force on the joint.
Now we try to pull the joint apart with a
load of, say, 1,500 pounds, the joint won't
budge. Because the joint doesn't budge, the
application of a 1,500-pound load doesn't
cause the bolt to stretch any more than it is
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020
Contents
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - Intro
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - BB1
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - BB2
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - Cover1
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - Cover2
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - Contents
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 2
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 3
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 4
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 5
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 6
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 7
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 8
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 20
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 27
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 28
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 29
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 30
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 31
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 33
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 34
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 35
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 36
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 37
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 40
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 41
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 42
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 46
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 47
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 89
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 91
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 92
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 106
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 109
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 110
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 111
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - 112
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - Cover3
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2020 - Cover4
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