AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020 - 95
P&E
ON INSTRUMENTS
Flying in place
Notes on holding patterns
BY THOMAS A. HORNE
AFTER SELECTING the procedure to enter a holding pattern, there's a sequence to follow after crossing the holding fix. The "5 Ts" don't
have to follow any strict order, but the first step really should be to start timing, because you'll be flying for a one-minute interval as you
enter the hold. "Turn" stands for making the turn to the first entry heading-either a 180-degree turn (for the direct entry), a procedure
turn to intercept the inbound holding course (teardrop entry), or a turn to parallel the holding course outbound (parallel entry). "Twist"
stands for resetting the inbound holding course on your VOR or GPS receiver; "throttle" means set power to fly at a comfortable, and
proper, holding speed. "Talk" refers to the radio call advising ATC that you've entered holding (and when leaving an assigned holding fix,
another call should be made). At the points marked in red, timing is also initiated so that you can be sure of making one-minute turns or
legs, and holding course guidance should be on your nav display(s) so that you can judge your course interception inbound to the holding
fix. Must the interception procedure be flown exactly as depicted? Do your best, but stay on the holding side.
"I HAVE AN AMENDMENT to your clearance.
Are you ready to copy?" Uh, oh. Those
must be the words IFR pilots hate the most.
Especially if it's followed by "cleared to the
Anywhere VOR, hold south as published,
expect further clearance at 1215 Zulu." If
you've held the idea of holding as an intellectual exercise, performed only during
practice flights, stress levels can rise as you
quickly write down the clearance, figure
out the VOR's location, and think about the
correct holding pattern entry procedure.
Maybe we should practice holding patterns more often. That's because holding
clearances can be issued for many reasons.
Most often, it's to create adequate spacing between IFR traffic in busy airspace,
and not just in the en route phase of flight.
Holding also can be used as you near your
destination. Airplanes may even be cleared
to hold at the same fix, but stacked at different altitudes. This is most likely to occur
where low instrument meteorological conditions-ceilings below 500 feet, visibilities
below one mile-mean strict ATC spacing and sequencing rules. As the airplane
holding at the lowest altitude in the stack
is cleared for the approach, those above it
are cleared to descend and hold at progressively lower altitudes, until it's their time
to shoot an approach. Some call this "shaking the box."
When the weather is above low IFR
limits-ceilings 500 to 1,000 feet, visibilities between one and three miles-holding
at feeder, initial, and even final approach
fixes may also be used. Just be aware that
there may be VFR traffic in or near the airport. The airport's traffic pattern altitude
could be below the ceiling, and experiencing visual meteorological conditions.
Airplanes could legally be flying traffic
patterns even though IFR arrivals are happening at the same time. To help prevent
any nasty surprises as you descend on your
aopa.org/pilot AOPA PILOT | 95
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020
Contents
AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020 - Intro
AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020 - Cover1
AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020 - Cover2
AOPA Pilot Magazine - September 2020 - Contents
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