AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 96

RUDDER & WRENCH
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Cylinder rescue
Low compression doesn't always require
cylinder removal
BY MIKE BUSCH
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SAM'S 1979 PIPER PA-34-200T Seneca
II was in the shop, and he was not happy.
The shop had just done a compression test
on the airplane's two Continental TSIO360-EB3B
engines and had given Sam
some unwelcome news.
" Compression on left number 4 is
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35/80 and right number 3 is 31/80, " Sam
reported to us at Savvy Aviation. " These
engines are factory rebuilds installed in
2014, and they've been flying about 150 to
200 hours per year. The left engine had
cylinder number 4 replaced less than 1,100
hours ago and now needs to be replaced
again. The right engine had cylinder number
3 replaced only 500 hours ago and now
needs to be replaced again. Apparently, I
am doing something drastically wrong
with these engines. It cannot be normal
to have to replace nine cylinders in 1,750
hours-two of them twice! What am I
doing wrong? "
Repetitive cylinder removals like
+ 3 bonus points = 4%) for every $1 of Net Merchandise Purchases on
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the ones Sam experienced often trigger
such guilt feelings, but usually they're
not the fault of the owner or pilot. More
likely they're the fault of trigger-happy
mechanics who were trained that low
compression automatically requires
removing the cylinder.
It doesn't. What it does require is a
good borescope inspection to determine
96
AOPA PILOT / January 2022
the cause of the low compression. Once
the reason for the low compression has
been established, it is often possible to
remediate the problem without removing
the cylinder, particularly if it has been
caught early enough.
Borescope, please!
We asked Sam for high-resolution borescope
images for both engines, both the
good cylinders and the bad ones: cylinder
walls, piston crowns, exhaust valve faces
(viewed straight on), exhaust valve seats
and stems (shot with the exhaust valve
fully open), and anything else noteworthy.
Since 2003, Continental has required
a borescope inspection any time a compression
test is done. This guidance was
originally in Service Bulletin SB03-3,
but has now been incorporated into the
Continental Motors Standard Practice
Maintenance Manual M-0. The borescope
inspection is quick and easy, and
something that an aircraft owner can do
on his own recognizance as preventive
maintenance.
If the borescope images revealed that
the exhaust valve was burned, he'd need
to take action, we advised Sam. If it wasn't
burned too badly, he might be able to save
it by lapping the valve and seat in place
and replacing the rotator cap. However, if
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022

Contents
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - Intro
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - Cover1
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - Cover2
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - Contents
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 2
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 3
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 4
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 5
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 6
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - 7
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AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - Cover3
AOPA Pilot Magazine - January 2022 - Cover4
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