Premium on Safety - Issue 42 2021 - 5

LESSONS LEARNED
sight. " Only after corrective vectors from ATC and two prompts
from the captain did he realize " That was Newark...I thought it
was Teterboro. "
The Learjet found the localizer, crossed the last intermediate fix
550 feet high, and missed glideslope intercept. The PIC directed
his crewmate not to descend below 1,500 until he called the final
approach fix they'd already passed. Ignoring ATC's instruction to
begin turning at the FAF, they continued on the localizer through
the handoff to the TEB tower controller, who advised them of
winds from 360 at 16 knots gusting to 32. Three miles from the
airport, they began a descent to 800 feet. They were just one
mile from the Runway 6 threshold when the controller asked
when they'd begin their turn. The PIC answered, " We're doin' it
right now. "
The Lear descended from 650 to 350 feet in the right turn.
The SIC tried to hand over the controls but the PIC didn't
acknowledge. After rolling wings level they climbed 100 feet
and the SIC again relinquished the controls. This time the PIC
responded, " Alright, my controls. " Radar data showed the jet
slowing as it began turning left. It decelerated to 111 knots in
a 35-degree bank as the SIC warned " Add airspeed. Airspeed,
airspeed, airspeed. " One second later the PIC said " Stall. " In the
next four seconds, the SIC called " airspeed " two more times.
Witnesses saw the Learjet crash " nearly inverted " into a parking
lot, igniting a fire that damaged or destroyed three buildings and
16 vehicles. No one on the ground was hurt.
The NTSB's report drew attention to seven broad issues. Most
salient was the need to " monitor pilots with performance
deficiencies. " Each had been sent to CAE Simuflite for Learjet
training, and both had their checkrides postponed. The PIC's
" four-day " course eventually extended to 10, with 17.5 hours of
simulator time for shortcomings handling " engine failure, circling
approach, and landing from a circling approach. " A colleague at a
former employer agreed he was not ready to be a PIC and " would
need a competent SIC in the right seat. "
For his part, the instructor from the SIC's first simulator session
noted that he " struggled with normal procedures. " He could not
start the engines, perform the takeoff checks; crashed on both
takeoff and landing; was unable to control speed and altitude
during the stall series; and flew inverted during unusual attitudes.
His five-day course lasted 14, with 24.7 total hours of simulator
time. Their employer-a small company with six aircraft and nine
pilots-authorized the additional instruction and was consequently
aware of these difficulties, but didn't track their performance in the
cockpit or even assure that each was teamed with someone whose
strengths would offset their weaknesses. That error proved fatal.
-David Jack Kenny is a freelance aviation writer and
statistician.
Crash During Circling
Approach to Runway 1
at Teterboro Airport
This two-dimensional animated reconstruction
shows the sequence of events in the accident,
which occurred on May 15, 2017, about 1529
eastern daylight time, when a Learjet 35A,
N452DA, departed controlled flight while on a
circling approach to runway 1 at Teterboro Airport,
Teterboro, New Jersey.
Credit: National Transportation Safety Board - NTSB
5

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