Archaeology Magazine - June 1965 - 69

facts from the mounds are arranged
in chronological sequence. There
are excellentdrawings, charts, maps
and photographs explaining and illustrating each display.
The most spectacular of the museum's relics is a pair of marble
effigy figures, male and female,
about five or six hundred years old.
Both were painted, and enough
color remains to give some idea of
their original appearance. They
have bright red ears, heavy black
circles around their eyes and prominent open mouths with gleaming
teeth. Both figures are beautifully
made. These are the finest of nine
such figures found in the area. Each
image is believed to represent an
important social or religious figure.
In an enclosure below floor level
MARBLEfemale figure found in a in the center of the museum is a
log tomb at Etowah,now on display. sixteenth-centurychief priest's burial with the skeleton arranged as it
and textiles,expertlyand artistically was found in the grave. Various
worked. The religious rites seem to objects were buried with the body
have featured agricultural deities. and his skull was covered by a
There was also a funeral cult char- square sheet of copper. This copper
acterized by elaborate burials of plate and other artifacts are presumed to be the insignia of office.
chiefs and priests.
Fine examples of primitive art
For more than ten years the
mounds and surrounding level area are to be seen throughout the
have been periodically excavated museum: intricately carved and inand studied by Dr. A. R. Kelly, of cised shell gorgets and other ornathe University of Georgia, and Dr.
ments, as well as finely made copLewis H. Larson, Jr., of Georgia per ornaments of many kinds. There
State College (see Archaeology 7 are pieces of thin copper sheets
[1954] 22-27 and 10 [1957] 39-48). with repoussé designs of eagles,
The museum displays only a por- warriors, woodpeckersand serpents.
tion of its enormously rich and Copper badges, headdresses, symvaried collection of artifacts found bols, beads and pendants are also
exhibited. The pottery is generally
in the area.
The entrance lobby of the mu- simple in shape and design. There
seum building is dominated by a are bottles, bowls, pipes and rattles.
huge glass window that gives a Stone artifacts are represented by
magnificentview of the Great Tem- celts, spuds, knives, blades and prople Mound and part of the moat. jectile points. The paint palettes and
This mound, fifty-three feet high the stone axes are particularly fine.
and coveringseveral acres,has never
During the summer of 1964 visbeen explored.It is believedto have itors to the mounds were able to see
been used for ceremonial rites; a excavation actually in progress. Dr.
wooden temple structure is believed Larson and his students worked on
an area in front of the Great Temto have been erectedon the top.
Near the doorway leading from ple Mound. Much still remains for
the foyer into the main gallery is a the future, including exploration of
large chart with photographs ex- the mound itself.
Margaret Perryman
plaining the excavationsat Etowah.
There is also a chart showing the
history of the Etowah area all the
Hasanlu Excavations, 1964
way from 1000 B.c. to the year
Readers who have followed the
1836, and noting the changing potprogress of excavations at the site
tery types in the various periods.
On the walls of the main gallery of Hasanlu, in northwest Iran
are seventeen displays portraying (from which came the splendid
interesting elements of the various gold bowl featured in our Autumn
phases of the Etowah culture. Arti- 1964 issue [page 201]) will be in-

terested in the following report on
the 1964 season, which has been
furnished through the kindness of
Mr. Robert H. Dyson, Jr., who directed the work:
Excavations were carried out by
the UniversityMuseum of Philadelphia and the Metropolitan Museum
of New York with additional support from the Royal Ontario Museum and the University of Kansas. The director was assisted by
Vaughn E. Crawford. Four main
projects were undertaken: (1) completion of the site survey of the
neighboring areas to the immediate
south and west of Hasanlu by T.
Cuyler Young, Jr.; (2) completion
of the excavation of Burned Building II on the Hasanlu citadel and
the recovery of the complete plan
of the fortification wall- both
structures dating to period IV, ca.
1000-800 B.c.- as well as the recoveryof skeletal material for study
at the University of Kansas under
the direction of William M. Bass;
(3) excavation of a small mound
near Dalma village, not far from
Hasanlu; (4) test excavations at
Ziwiyeh, near Saqqiz in northern
Kurdistan province, about a fourhour drive southeast of Hasanlu.
T. Cuyler Young, Jr., assisted by
Louis Levine, completed the site
survey of the valley areas flanking
Solduz on the south, and also made
a preliminary survey of the sites
along the route from Ushu to
Rezaiyeh, west of Lake Urmia. Information gathered completed the
initial geographic study of the general region being made by Dr.
Young.
The plan of the major parts of
Burned Building II, east of the area
excavated in 1962, was completely
recovered. The east side of the pillared hall repeated in essential details the features already known on
the west. At the rear of the hall
was a low platform which fronted
a small room with a brick paved
floor and no outlet. The eastern side
of the building contained a series
of small storerooms comparable to
those found on the west. Beyond
these are additional structures built
against the outside wall.
The most important of the many
objects found was a mass of badly
burned and broken ivory fragments
from plaques and small statuettes.
Some of these are of types known
at Nimrud at this period and unquestionably are imports. Others
157

Archaeology Magazine - June 1965

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - June 1965