ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 62

35%, while applications with multiple chillers operating near design conditions, may experience energy savings of less than 15%.2 Energy savings estimates for a single installation should rely on locationspecific factors, particularly weather.

Chiller energy savings should only be modeled with respect to total chiller plant energy savings, which would also consider plant ancillary equipment. In a typical water-cooled chiller plant, the chiller accounts for approximately 85% of the system energy.5

Market Factors

Variable speed drives can offer significant energy savings when applied to the right chiller applications. Also, chillers with VFDs can exhibit improved reliability and life as a result of an improved power factor and soft starting of the chiller motor. However, real energy savings tend to be application-specific. VFDs can give the perception of energy savings when the IPLV formula is applied, particularly in buildings with multiple chillers, which is generally the case.1 High-load operating points are noticeably more important than the IPLV metric may indicate.1 Therefore, a more involved modeling process is necessary to determine the cost effectiveness of installing one or more VFDs in a chiller plant. The cost of VFD technology has dropped substantially over the past 30 years, and in many new designs, VFD technology is included in the base-unit design.2 Several geographic regions offer rebates for the application of VFD technology.2
References
1. Geister, R. and M. Thompson. 2009. “A closer look at chiller ratings.” ASHRAE Journal 51(12):22 – 32. 2. Communication with Johnson Controls. 3. Energy Eff iciency and Renewable Energy. 2010. 2009 Buildings Energy Data Book. U.S. Department of Energy. http:// buildingsdatabook.eere.energy.gov/. 4. EIA. 2003. “Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey,” Table B40. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. http://tinyurl.com/CBECS2003. 5. Furlong, J. and F. Morrison. “Optimization of water-cooled chiller—cooling tower combinations,” CTI Journal 26(1):12 – 19. http://tinyurl.com/CTIFurlong. 6. AHRI Standard 550/590-2003, 2003 Standard for Performance Rating of Water-Chilling Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle. 7. 2008 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Systems and Equipment. Chapter 44, Motors, Motor Controls, and Variable-Speed Drives.

John Dieckmann is a director, Kurtis McKenney is an associate principal, and Matthew Guernsey is a senior technologist in the Mechanical Systems Group of TIAX LLC, Cambridge, Mass. James Brodrick, Ph.D., is a project manager with the Building Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
www.info.hotims.com/30916-32

62

ASHRAE Journal

June 2010

ASHRAE Journal - June 2010

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - June 2010

ASHRAE Journal - June 2010
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Advanced Financial Analysis for Purchasing Equipment
Using BIM in HVAC Design
ASHRAE Takes on Energy Standard
Back to the Future: Reducing EUI in 1980s Tower
Supplement
ASHRAE Journal's Guide to Standard 189.1
Commentary: Standardizing High Performance
LEED & Green Building Codes
Right Start, Right Result: Beginning With the Site
Addressing Unnecessary Water Waste in Buildings
Energy Efficiency: Building on Standard 90.1
Modeling Energy Savings
The Ins & Outs of IEQ
Choosing Materials Wisely
It’s More Than Design: Construction & Building Operation
Building Sciences
Emerging Technologies
Commissioning
Special Products
People
Products
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - ASHRAE Journal - June 2010
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Advanced Financial Analysis for Purchasing Equipment
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Using BIM in HVAC Design
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 32a
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 32b
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - ASHRAE Takes on Energy Standard
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Back to the Future: Reducing EUI in 1980s Tower
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - ASHRAE Journal's Guide to Standard 189.1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S2
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Commentary: Standardizing High Performance
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S4
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S5
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - LEED & Green Building Codes
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S7
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S8
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S9
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Right Start, Right Result: Beginning With the Site
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S11
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S12
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S13
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S14
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S15
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Addressing Unnecessary Water Waste in Buildings
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S17
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S18
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S19
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S20
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S21
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Energy Efficiency: Building on Standard 90.1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S23
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S24
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S25
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S26
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S27
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S28
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S29
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Modeling Energy Savings
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S31
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S32
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S33
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - The Ins & Outs of IEQ
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S35
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S36
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S37
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S38
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S39
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Choosing Materials Wisely
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S41
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S42
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S43
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S44
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S45
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - It’s More Than Design: Construction & Building Operation
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S47
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S48
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S49
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S50
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S51
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - S52
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Commissioning
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - People
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - June 2010 - Cover4
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