ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 55
Technical FeaTure
Fea
useful to use traditional LCC tools to calculate a breakeven
cost: if the control system can be purchased and installed
for less than this cost, it is the right financial choice.
Based on the energy savings that we observed for typical systems (prior to our recommissioning), for every 1
kW of luminaires controlled, an owner should spend,
at most, $1,000 for controls. If the system undergoes a
full commissioning process, including optimization at
startup, the results show that an owner can afford to
spend $2,200 for a 1 kW system. The cost of the basic
steps of commissioning required should easily fit under
that $1,200/kW difference. Per square foot, these costs
depend on the installed wattage, which for commercial
buildings is often 0.6 to 1.4 W/ft2 (6.5 to 15 W/m2). We
also calculated simple payback and found paybacks of
between six to 11 years for fully commission control systems. A more thorough treatment of the economics of
commissioning is included in our full report.
Steps to More Effective Daylighting Control
As we completed the monitoring and recommissioning of all these spaces, we characterized the operational
problems with each system that we encountered. Aside
from calibration of the sensor gain and other setpoints,
improper zoning was the most common commissioning issue. Zoning is best dealt with in design. Zone sizes
should be kept to a minimum, with even smaller zones
used for stepped control than continuous dimming. If
addressable ballasts are used, zoning can be adjusted at
startup, but guidance from the designer can still be vital,
especially if installing personnel do not have significant
experience.
Sensor position and orientation was another observed
deficiency, one that is also best initially dealt with in
design.
But these and other control problems were observed
to be much less common than improper calibration.
We observed everything from controls that needed
only a slight adjustment in gain, to systems that
had undergone no calibration whatsoever. In working through all of these issues, it was clear that full
commissioning would have solved most problems.
In addition, we compiled the following conclusions
regarding process:
www.info.hotims.com/44636-55
Septem ber 2013
ashrae.org
ASHRAE JouRnAl
55
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - September 2013
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 8
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ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - 55
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ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - September 2013 - Cover4
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