ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 13

TECHNICAL FEATURE

the two-year study period the median monthly use of
the meeting room in the new first floor addition was
26.5 hours/month and of any of the smaller rooms in
the renovated part of the first floor was four hours/
month. Figure 1 shows the monthly energy use of each
system. Different zone temperature control strategies
and different equipment efficiencies at the source
operating temperatures account for some of the difference in energy use between the two systems,2 but the
critical question is, how much conditioning is provided
by each of the two systems?
In this article, we first estimate the cooling and heating provided by both the GSHP and VRF systems based
on experimental measurements between July 2011 and
March 2012. We then present system COPs and EERs for
both systems. We also estimate the cooling and heating
provided, and the system COPs and EERs for the GSHP
system for April 2012 to June 2013.
Beginning in April 2012, runtime fractions for many
of the VRF system fan coil units (FCUs) increased dramatically with cooler discharge air temperatures, while
zone temperatures remained steady. The FCUs have
two-speed fans with the higher speed used during fan
coil operation (with heating/cooling output) and the
lower speed used for ventilation mode (without any
heating/cooling output). With unchanged zone loads,
this increase in runtime and decrease in discharge
temperatures led us to conclude that discharge flow
rates during FCU operation must have decreased.
ASHRAE personnel indicated that the manufacturer
had replaced the control boards in 21 of the 22 FCUs

Zone 215B.

FIGURE 1 Monthly energy use by the GSHP and VRF systems.

0.35
Monthly Energy Use (kWh/ft2)

Zone 215A.

GSHP

0.30

VRF

0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
JUL. SEP. NOV. JAN. MAR. MAY JUL. SEP. NOV. JAN. MAR. MAY
2011
|
2012
|
2013

on April 14 and 15, 2012. It seems likely that at the time
of the control board replacement, the flow rates of the
discharge air changed, but since there has been no
subsequent testing and balancing, the new values are
unknown. Spot measurements taken during a site visit
confirm that airflows from the FCUs during fan coil
operation are lower than the measurements taken during the initial testing and balancing. For this reason,
the heating and cooling provided by the VRF system
could not be estimated for dates after the equipment
modifications.

Experimental Measurements
Figure 2 shows the airflows entering and exiting the
heat pumps and 14 of the 22 VRF fan coil units. Outside
air from the dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) is
ducted to a plenum box where it mixes with return
D ECEM EBER 2014

ashrae.org

ASHRAE JOURNAL

13



ASHRAE Journal - December 2014

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - December 2014

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - 21
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2014 - Cover4
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