ASHRAE Journal - April 2015 - 72

TECHNICAL FEATURE

If you could fill your car up with gasoline at noon for
$2.50 per gallon, or at 9 p.m. for $1.25 per gallon, which
would you choose? Many electricity customers face this
same choice - and because of the complexities of the
electricity bill, they have no idea they ever had a choice
in the first place.
Smart building technologies allow commercial, industrial, and institutional customers to buy electricity at
night, when it is vastly cheaper. Thermal energy storage,
such as ice storage and chilled water storage, allow endusers to build up cooling at night, when electricity is "on
sale," and dispatch that cooling during the daytime to
displace the on-peak usage of their chillers and HVAC
equipment. Other demand-limiting technology, such
as battery storage or smart building controls, offer the
same opportunity to shift loads from daytime to nighttime, when electricity can be procured at a discount.
Because of the great but latent sensitivity of end-users to
demand, such load-shifting can result in electricity savings of 10% to 20% off of the total bill.

SHERLOCK

REFRIGERANT LEAK MONITORING

R-11
R-12
R-22
R-114
R-123
R-134A R-401A(MP39)
R-401B(MP62)
R-402A(HP80)
R-404A(HP62)
R-407A
R-407B R-407C R-408A(FX10)
R-409A(FX56)
R-410A(Puron)
R-500
R-502
R-507(AZ50)
R-717(NH3)
Call the factory for full list of refrigerants

nin

GE
NE
SI

11:52
C PPM READ:
260
ALARM
#1
#2
#3
LEVEL
250 350 450

EVERYTHING FOR ASHRAE 15-2010 AND MECHANICAL CODE COMPLIANCE

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
IR & CMOS SENSOR

SHERLOCK CONTROLS

gin

SNR A READ
0 PPM
LVL 1 ALARM 250 PPM

SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS

ALARM INDICATION
DEVICES

tar
ts
i

nt
he

The SHERLOCK Refrigerant Gas Monitoring System is an extensive family of monitoring panels,
sensors, external alarms, and breathing apparatus designed to make any machine room code
compliant. The SHERLOCK line includes electronic monitors with either two or three alarm levels.
Each alarm level has two relay outputs for various functions including activating audio-visual alarm
indication devices, energizing exhaust fans or notifying the building automation system. The
SHERLOCK sensor modules utilize both solid state CMOS for engine room and ventline which
meet most specifications and budget considerations or infrared (IR) sensor technology, when
accuracy is extremely important. The IR will virtually eliminate all false alarming. We also have an
Electro-Chemical sensor for high humidity ammonia applications and for oxygen depletion.
SHERLOCK can also provide several varieties of Self Contained Breathing Apparatus to meet the
requirements of most mechanical safety codes.

Wizard

Temperature Control/Alarm Dual VFD (Fans/Compressors)
Multi-Stage Defrost
Weekend / Weekday Defrost Schedule
Demand Defrost
Refrigerant Gas Leak Monitor / Alarm
Load-Shedding
Temperature Recorder
System Standby / Shutdown Humidity Monitor & Control
Cost Effective control for up to four temperature zones using
the same Evaporator/Defrost Control unit

tha

15 F
TEMP READ
TEMP SETPOINT 16 F

REFRIGERATION EVAPORATOR
CONTROL SYSTEMS

REFRIGERATION CONTROL SYSTEMS

Qu
ali

Please visit our Web-Site for our full line of Refrigeration Control Systems and other controls.
· Multi Step Compressor Control with VFD
· 1 & 2 Zone Walk-In Monitor / Control
· 2 - 4 System Lead/Lag Redundant Control
· Multi Step Condenser Control with VFD
· Single Reciprocating / Screw Compressor Control · Blast Freezer / Chiller Control
· HVAC Heat Modulation Control With VFD
· Wet Bulb, Floating Head Condenser Control
· Conventional, Small Compressor, Condenser, Defrost Control
· Comfort Miser HVAC Zone Temperature / Humidity Control
· GenCom Software for Remote Communications For Use with all Genesis Products
· GenCom 3000 Supervisory & Alarming Computer System For Use with all Genesis Products

GENESIS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
1040 Fox Chase Industrial Drive Arnold, MO 63010
Phone: (636) 282-0011
FAX: (636) 282-2722
Email:mail@genesis-international.com
Web:www.Genesis-International.com

www.info.hotims.com/54427-31
72

ASHRAE JOURNAL

ashrae.org

APRI L 2015

To save money, end-users and their energy advisors
must be able to understand the effects of demand charges
- and yet, many energy procurers do not understand
that, unlike a residential bill, most C&I bills have demand
charges of one form or another. While this knowledge
gap cannot be bridged with a single article, perhaps a few
final points will be useful to professionals looking to lower
their demand charges or those of their customers.
First, all else being equal, reducing daytime peaks lowers demand costs, and thus lowers electricity bills. Smart
building technologies such as thermal energy storage help
to reduce peaks and flatten the load curve; they should be
considered in all new construction and retrofit designs.
Second, it always helps to look closely at the electricity bill. Specifically, it is of great value to add up the
demand charges (the per-kW line items) and compare
them to the usage charges (the per-kWh line items). This
gives one a sense of a site's sensitivity to demand. When
looking at electricity bills, be sure to review at least one
bill from the summer (July or August) and one from the
winter (December, January, or February). Comparing
these two will determine whether there are seasonal
adders, and those can be a very substantial portion of
a user's bill. However, make sure to be wary of thirdparty suppliers' "flat rate" or "blended rate": these terms
can obscure the effect of demand, and give the wrong
impression that electricity is equally expensive during
day and night. Rarely is this true.
Finally, when in doubt, ask for help. Non-residential
customers have access to utility representatives who can
guide them through the process of understanding their
bills; additionally, third-party electricity suppliers can
be a valuable resource as well.

References and Notes
1. Southern California Edison. 2013. Schedule TOU-8, Time-OfUse - General Service - Large.
2. Oncor Electric Delivery Company. 2014. Tariff for Retail Delivery Service, Secondary Service Greater than 10 kW.
3. Georgia Power. 2014. Electric Service Tariff, Power and Light
Large Schedule: "PLL-8."
4. This does not include the Fuel Cost Recovery surcharge (FCR23), nor other Riders such as Environmental Compliance and
Nuclear Construction Cost Recovery. Also note that PLL-9 covers
loads 500 kW or greater; this highly simplified 1 kW site example is
for expository purposes.
5. The Potomac Edison Company. 2014. Rates and Rules & Regulations for Electric Service in Certain Counties in West Virginia,
Light and Power Service (High Load Factor) Schedule "PH."
6. Austin Energy. 2014. City of Austin Electric Rate Schedules,
Thermal Energy Storage.

ASHRAE Journal - April 2015

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