ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - 48
COLUMN ENGINEER'S NOTEBOOK
PHOTO 2 Plastic pipe bowing due to expansion.
FIGURE 2 Pipe in shaft from basement to penthouse.
Rigid Hanger
Tight to Elbow
48
ASHRAE JOURNAL
ashrae.org
J U LY 2 0 2 0
Spring Hangers Within x Diameters of Riser.
x Determined by L-Bend Equation
PHOTO 3 Alignment guide.
IMAGE BY BRIJESH PANCHAL (IMEG)
Systems and Equipment, Chapter 46. This is the most reliable and maintenance-free of all the options, but it
takes up valuable room in shafts. It is important that the
designer indicate where the piping will be anchored if
the movement needs to happen only in particular directions. This is an excellent option for situations where
pipes go from the basement to the penthouse with no
taps at the individual floors (Figure 2), but can also be
used inside shafts if there is room.
The second option is expansion joints. There are
two common types of expansion joints: slip joints (aka
packed expansion joints) and bellows joints. Slip joints
consist of a pipe inside another pipe, and they telescope
with a gasketing material between them to eliminate
leakage (Photo 4).
These are common where large lateral movement
must be accommodated, often in long steam tunnels,
and are suitable for high temperatures and pressures.
They do, however, require periodic maintenance of the
sealing material. And, if located in a shaft, each slip joint
will require a fire rated access door. If they need to be
repacked under pressure, isolation valves in the packing
stems may be needed. This type of joint is very resistant
to catastrophic failure, which is an advantage over bellows joints.
Bellows joints (Photo 5) are manufactured from corrugated stainless steel or bronze, often with a braided
metal exterior wrap to add strength and safety. They
may include alignment guides, in which case they are
called expansion compensators. Interior liners are
common in steam joints to avoid concerns about erosion of the bellows and to minimize noise. An unlined
IMAGE BY BRIJESH PANCHAL (IMEG)
IMAGE BY BRIJESH PANCHAL (IMEG)
Shaft
steam bellows joint can be frightening to go near in
a steam tunnel because it can sound like Conan the
Barbarian is swinging a gigantic whirly tube (see
https://tinyurl.com/yaz96avc). It is important to design
bellows systems with proper alignment guides and to
be sure that axial motion is not more than they can
accommodate; otherwise, the possibility exists of the
joints failing.
A variation of the bellows joint is the flexible expansion loop. This type of joint uses two bellows joints in a
U-bend arrangement (Photo 6). Movement is perpendicular to the joints, which allows for more movement than
in axial bellows joints. This style takes up valuable shaft
space for the offsets, but not as much space as is needed
for U-bends made with just pipe. It also greatly reduces
anchor forces compared to other options.
https://www.tinyurl.com/yaz96avc
http://ashrae.org
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - July 2020
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - 4
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2020 - Cover4
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