COLUMN ENGINEER'S NOTEBOOK approach; as the design team performed a detailed physical comparison of a similar baseline design approach in Case Study 1, the baseline design option was not explicitly modeled for this case study. FIGURE 11 Higher education academic instruction building proposed design plan view (left) and axonometric view (right). Conclusion Total electrifi cation of building utility plants requires careful consideration during execution to achieve a costeffi cient and operationally effi - cient outcome. Decarbonization has blurred traditional lines between mechanical and plumbing design practices, requiring knowledge and collaboration from both design practices to determine the best options possible for the application. Integration of utilities such as domestic hot water, which should be evaluated as rigorously as heating hot water and chilled water production, adds another dimension of complexity to the decision-making process. The author recommends that designers consider integration of some aspect of domestic hot water production into their heat-recovery chiller designs to streamline electrifi cation of building utilities. A U G U S T 2 0 2 1 ashrae.org ASHRAE JOURNAL 65http://simprogroup.com http://www.ashrae.org