ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 53

COLUMN ENGINEER'S NOTEBOOK
required based on occupancy type. The code sets a minimum
of 0.25 W/ft2 (2.7 W/m2) × gross square feet (square
meters) of three largest fl oors as the minimum on-site
renewable energy installation unless roof is shaded, and
a small reserved space for future energy storage is also
required. There is no mention of embodied carbon.
U.S. Green Building Council
LEED v4.123 references ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016
as the benchmark against which the Energy and
Atmosphere (EA) Optimize Energy Performance credit
awards points for energy cost savings and GHG reductions.
Additionally the rating scheme contains the EA
Renewable energy credit that favorably awards points
if the source is a new off-site or on-site generation of
renewable energy as follows:
* On-site renewables covering 20% of annual energy
use gaining fi ve points;
* Off-site new renewables covering 50% of annual
energy use gaining fi ve points;
* Purchased off-site green energy covering 100% of
annual energy use gaining three points.
Contract lengths are also governed to qualify for this
credit.
LEED v4.1 also contains the Materials and Resources
(MR) : Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction Credit.
Five out of fi ve points are awarded for historic building
reuse or renovation of an abandoned or blighted building
if 50% of the structure and enclosure is retained.
Otherwise up to four points are granted based on
percent of architectural or structural material type
retained and/or reused. Alternatively, a whole building
life-cycle assessment (WLCA) can be completed, with
points awarded based on reductions in GWP and two
other environmental impact categories (global warming,
ozone depletion, acidifi cation on land, eutrophication of
fresh water, tropospheric ozone or depletion of nonrenewable
energy resources).
LEEDZero Carbon24 is an independent calculation
pathway that addresses operational carbon only. It
requires a minimum of 12 months of data that proves
net zero carbon operation, and then the certifi cation
request can be submitted for review. The certifi cation
includes Scope 1 and Scope 2 energy uses, along with
Scope 3 occupant and visitor transportation-related
emissions. Balancing can derive from documented
performance of on-site or off-site renewable energy
generation or verifi ed carbon offsets.
Architecture 2030
The 2030 Challenge25 was created in 2006 to progressively
drive new construction to carbon neutrality by
2030 with no fossil fuel combustion on-site. Multiple
design fi rms have signed up to the 2030 Commitment
over the last 15 years, causing a long-lasting pivot in
best practice that has become to be refl ected in current
codes.
Zero Code26 represents the next mechanism of change.
It is a voluntary appendix overlay to Standard 90.1-2019
and the IECC 2021. It addresses operational carbon
only. No combustion equipment is allowed. Greater
than code-required effi ciency is mandatory. The code
sets a minimum renewable energy requirement based
on gross area of all conditioned space (including semiheated
fl oor space), established by climate zone. For
on-site renewable energy generation, compliance will
be met if 4.0 W/ft2 (43 W/m2) × gross roof square feet
(square meters) generated. Derating multipliers are
used for off-site renewable energy sources.
The 2030 Challenge for Embodied Carbon27 sets
aggressive targets for embodied carbon reduction in
construction materials, with Architecture 2030 looking
for signatories in the same way that it did at the start of
the original 2030 Challenge noted above. The commitment
includes reducing embodied carbon of materials
to a maximum GWP reduction of 40% below the industry
average immediately, 45% by 2025, 65% by 2030, and
zero GWP by 2040. Whereas the former 2030 Challenge
targeted designers, this initiative appears to be working
closely with manufacturers who are developing low GWP
products with transparent EPDs that can be specifi ed by
design signatory teams on upcoming work. Therefore,
there is no " industry average " established for a whole
building within this scheme.
International Living Futures Institute (ILFI)
The Zero Carbon certifi cation28 addresses both operational
and construction-phase embodied carbon. For
new buildings, a 25% reduction of energy use intensity
(EUI) from an equivalent new Standard 90.1-2010 building
is required. For existing buildings, the requirement
is a 30% reduction of EUI compared to a typical existing
building of an equivalent type, size and location. No
F E B R U A RY 2 0 2 2 ashrae.o rg ASHRAE JOURNAL
53
http://ashrae.org

ASHRAE Journal - February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2022

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 9
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ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - 11
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ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2022 - Cover4
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