ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 18

TECHNICAL FEATURE

Persistence

primarily internally, without substantial intervention
TABLE 4 Correlation coefficients and P values.
from an outside contractor. External vendors were
Factors Affecting Persistence Correlation Coefficient
P value
more likely to monitor the building operation and site
Year of Retro-Commissioning
-0.25
0.20
performance closely and were less prone to override
measures without a thorough investigation. We observed
Building Type
0.15
0.44
less frequency among external vendors in overwriting
Building Area
-0.17
0.39
measures in immediate response to comfort complaints
Major Retrofit
-0.33
0.09
from occupants compared to internal management.
Sites with internally managed BAS could be watched
Energy Management (Internal/External)
-0.05
0.80
more closely.
BAS Management (Internal/External)
0.29
0.13
Staff Turnover. Building turnover was one of the factors that correlated most clearly to persistence. Outreach
RCx Training
0.34
0.08
activities should identify when key personnel who
Staff Turnover
0.16
0.44
were present for RCx are no longer operating RCx sites;
Age of the Building
0.14
0.49
when that occurs follow-up activities may become more
worthwhile.
BAS Upgrades
0.01
0.96
We analyzed data for several other factors (Table 4 and
BAS Hardware Age
0.04
0.88
Figure 2) for additional insights on savings from RCx,
Major Control Repairs or Upgrades
0.00
0.99
but the findings were not statistically significant. Large
projects showed some slight correlation to lower persisOperator's Job Title
-0.05
0.82
tence in the data. Bigger commercial facilities typically
Service Provider's Continued Involvement
0.10
0.60
have multiple building use types, HVAC systems and are
On-Site Evaluation
-0.02
0.92
managed by more than one site engineer. These factors
made it harder to streamline building operation and
Scale of Project Impact (In Total Cost Savings)
-0.36
0.06
preserve RCx measure, leading to low persistence. Since
large projects represent a larger share of the
FIGURE 2 Factors influencing high persistence.
program's impact, it is worth more effort to
ensure persistence.
External
No
1.0
Internal
From the study, we also found that RCx
Yes
measures contributed to significant gas savYes
0.8
ings. We observed a mean persistence of
42% across all measures with gas savings.
No
0.6
Although the RCx program is administered
by an electric utility and primarily focuses
0.4
on electric energy savings, the gas savings
contribute significantly to improved build0.2
ing performance.
P = 0.09
P = 0.08
P = 0.13
0.0

Spillover

We also attempted to quantify savings from
spillover: recommendations made by the
RCx program that were not implemented immediately but could potentially result in additional energy
savings when implemented later. Out of 39 such
measures, we found four that had been implemented
sometime later than the initial RCx. From our study,
we found success rate for spillover energy savings
18

ASHRAE JOURNAL

ashrae.org

D E C E M B E R 2 0 19

Major Retrofit

RCx Training

BAS Management

Factors Influencing Persistence

to be roughly 10%. Our analysis of interview data also
showed that 64% of participants had made additional
energy efficiency improvements to their buildings that
were not incentivized by a utility energy efficiency program. Most commonly implemented non-incentivized
measures are adding VFDs to pumps, central plant


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ASHRAE Journal - December 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - December 2019

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - CT1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - CT2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 5
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover4
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