ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 68

COLUMN IEQ APPLICATIONS

TABLE 1 Inclusion of the TAIL indicators in major standard and green building and sustainability certification schemes.

TAIL Indicators

Level(s)

T Indoor Temperature (°C)
A
Noise Level (dB(A))
I
CO2 (ppm)

EN
16798
×
×
×

Ventilation Rate (L/s)
Formaldehyde (µg/m3)
Benzene (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
Radon (Bq/m3)

×
×
×
×
×

Indoor Air Relative
Humidity (%)
Visible Mold (cm2)
Daylight Factor (%)
Illuminance (Lux)

WELLa HQEb OsmoZc BESd LEEDe BREEAMf
×
×

×
×
×

×
×
×
×
×

×
×
×

×
×

×
×
×
×
×
×

×
×

×
×
×

×
×

×
×
×

×
×

validated method exists at present allowing repetitive
measurements. Simulations were considered but not
selected as a method for determining TAIL (except daylight factor) as many IEQ parameters simply cannot be
accurately simulated at present.
The detailed protocol for determining TAIL is under
development and preliminary testing within the scope of
the ALDREN project, and will be available in the first half
of 2020. It includes the temporal and spatial sampling
strategy, definition of the minimum number of locations
(rooms) per building that shall be instrumented during measuring campaigns, details on instruments that
shall be used including their precision, and description
on how the measurement results shall be analyzed. The
protocol recommends the measurements and assessments in seasons with extreme conditions, which for the
majority of European regions comprises at least heating
(winter) and non-heating (summer) seasons.
In summary, the proposed TAIL index creates the
framework for an integrated rating of IEQ and its components in buildings undergoing deep energy retrofit,
before and after it is completed. TAIL complements existing approaches for assessing IEQ and is compliant with
the major green building and sustainability certification
schemes. All TAIL components must be at the high level
to achieve an overall high quality level. The use of TAIL
ashrae.org

WELL building standard v1. January 2017.
bHQE reference - green building v2 - office and hotel sectors. January 2018.
cOsmoZ technical reference. Version 1.0. March 2018.
dIVE health & wellbeing indicators - B.E.S guide prescriptions. 2018.
eLEED v4 for interior design and construction - Includes commercial interiors, retail,
hospitality. October 2014.
fBREEAM UK new construction - Non-domestic buildings - Technical manual.
SD5076: 2.0. 2014.
gKLIMA active building and renovation - Category: new office building. Version 2.0.
March 2014.

ASHRAE JOURNAL

×
×

LiderAk ITACAl

aThe

×
×
×

KLIMAg CASBEEh NABERSi DGNBj

D E C E M B E R 2 0 19

×
×

×
hCASBEE

×
×

for building (new construction) - Technical manual (2014 edition).

2014.
iA guide to the NABERS indoor environment rating tool for building owners,
managers & tenants. November 2015.
jDGNB criteria: Environmental quality. 2012.
kLiderA voluntary system for the sustainability of built environments. Version
2.0. 2011.
lNational ITACA protocol 2011 - Office. July 2012.

will be validated, and the revisions and supplements
to the protocol used for deriving TAIL will be made if
needed, especially looking at its sensitivity to detect IEQ
differences in buildings. Although TAIL has been developed to document IEQ in offices and hotels, it is expected
that it can be extrapolated to residential buildings and,
most likely, schools as well. Additional validation will be
required to confirm that this can be done.

References

EN 16798-1. 2019. Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Indoor
environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy
performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment,
lighting and acoustics. European Committee for Standardization CEN.
EPBD 2010. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of
buildings (recast). Official Journal of the European Union, 18(06), 2010.
Level(s). (2017) Level(s) - A common EU framework of core sustainability
indicators for office and residential buildings. European Commission,
doi:10.2760/95143.
Wargocki, P., Seppänen, O. 2006. REHVA Guide Book no. 6, Indoor
Climate and Productivity in Offices, How to integrate productivity in life cycle
cost analysis of building services. REHVA.
Wei et al. 2019. "Summary of indoor environmental quality
indicators for hotels and offices - the basis of the IEQ indicators in
the ALDREN method." In Press.
World Health Organization. 2006. "WHO Air quality guidelines
for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide:
global update 2005: summary of risk assessment (No. WHO/SDE/
PHE/OEH/06.02)." Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. 2010. WHO guidelines for indoor air
quality: selected pollutants. Geneva: World Health Organization.

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