ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 35

COLUMN ENGINEER'S NOTEBOOK
FIGURE 1 Normal, observed and record temperatures in Kansas City, Mo., for
2016.1
FIGURE 2 Normal, observed and record temperatures in Kansas City, Mo., for
2020.1
125
100
75
50
25
-25
-50
Jan 1
Apr 1
Jul 1
Observed Temperature Range (2016)
Record Max
Record Min
PHOTO 1 Mass spectrometers added during move-in.
PHOTO 2 Instrument room.
Oct 1
Normal Temperature Range
125
100
75
50
25
-25
-50
Jan 1
Apr 1
Jul 1
Observed Temperature Range (2020)
Record Max
Record Min
FIGURE 3 Typical laboratory electricity use.
Cooling
22%
Lighting
11%
Plug
23%
Ventilation
44%
Diversity of equipment operation
is also diffi cult to predict. You can
walk into many research laboratories
and fi nd no equipment running
at a given point in time. Conversely,
clinical diagnostic laboratories may
run their equipment 24 hours per
day, 7 days per week.
Diversity for freezer loads are also
diffi cult to predict. Compressors on
ultralow temperature freezers don't
run a lot once they are at temperature
unless the door is opened. How
often doors are opened has a signifi -
cant effect on how much they run
and the energy consumption.
Photo 2 shows an instrument room
packed full of equipment, but there
Oct 1
Normal Temperature Range
is no way to accurately predict how
much of the equipment will run
simultaneously.
Because cooling, ventilation and
plug loads may constitute approximately
89% of laboratory electricity
consumption,2 you can see why
minor fl uctuations in weather and
diffi culty predicting lab equipment
consumption can substantially affect
the energy profi le (Figure 3).
Occupancy Schedules
To produce an energy model, occupancy
schedules must be created
and entered. Actual occupancy in
research laboratories can be nearly
impossible to predict. Researchers
are noted for keeping odd hours,
including sometimes working in
the lab late at night. Figure 4 shows
prototype occupancy schedules for
a laboratory plotted with actual
learned schedules from the building
energy management system. This
data was generated for a single lab,
but shows the unpredictable nature
of occupancy schedules. Occupancy
hours also affect lighting and plug
load use.
J U LY 2 0 2 1 ashrae.org ASHRAE JOURNAL
35
Temperature (°F)
Temperature (°F)

http://www.ashrae.org

ASHRAE Journal - July 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - July 2021

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 11
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 15
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 17
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 30
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - 38
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2021 - Cover4
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