ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 62
TECHNICAL FEATURE
2. For situations where baseline shifts may be encountered
and where future energy impacts may need
to be adjusted.
3. When either pre-retrofit or post-retrofit metered
data are not available.
4. When measures interact with other building
systems and the impact of the interaction needs to be
ascertained.
5. When savings from individual retrofits are needed
but only whole-building pre-retrofit or post-retrofit
data are available.
Calibrated simulation should not be used under the
following conditions:
1. To evaluate measures that cannot be simulated by
the whole-building simulation.
2. To evaluate retrofits that cannot be simulated by the
whole-building simulation.
3. To evaluate retrofits that are so complex that project
resources will not cover the extensive computer simulations
needed to adequately simulate the facility.
Calibrated simulation is normally applied in the following
fashion:
1. Produce a calibrated simulation plan.
2. Collect data building information, energy use data
and coincident weather data.
3. Input data into simulation software and run model.
4. Compare simulation model output to measured
data.
5. Refine the model until an acceptable calibration is
achieved.
6. Produce baseline and post-retrofit models.
7. Calculate savings.
8. Report on savings and observations.
What Else Is Contained In Guideline 14-2023?
Guideline 14-2023 also contains a wealth of additional
information that was included to provide as much guidance
to the user as possible, including information
concerning instrumentation and data management,
measurement types, procedures for determining uncertainty,
laboratory equipment testing standards and
information about regression procedures.
Instrumentation and Data Management
Guideline 14-2023 contains extensive recommendations
about the choice of instruments, including:
information regarding temperature sensors, humidity
62
ASHRAE JOURNAL ashrae.o rg
F E B R U A RY 2023
sensors, liquid flow meters, airflow meters, steam and
thermal flow meters, pressure and electricity measurements.
It contains advice about installation of instruments,
instrumentation calibration, recalibration and
maintenance methods. Information is also provided
about selection of data recording devices, data recording
intervals, retrieving and archiving data, data validation
methods, information about the cost of installing
sensors, and data acquisition system, and information
about the accuracy of different sensor types.
Measurement Types
Guideline 14-2023 provides information about the
duration of measurements, including spot measurements,
short-term interval measurements and longterm
interval measurements.
Determination of Uncertainty
One of the most useful sections of Guideline 14-2023 is
the discussion about the determination of uncertainty.
Extensive information is provided regarding the calculation
of uncertainty, including procedures for estimating
sampling error, measurement error, model prediction
uncertainty and procedures for calculating the end-toend
uncertainty.
Laboratory Equipment Testing Standards
Another very useful section in Guideline 14-2023 is
the comprehensive listing of ASTM, ASME, ANSI and
ASHRAE testing standards that covers a broad range of
equipment, including chillers, fans, pumps, electrical
motors, boilers and furnaces, thermal storage systems
and airside HVAC systems.
Regression Techniques
Guideline 14-2023 also provides extensive advice
regarding the most widely used regression procedures,
including one parameter or mean models (1P), two
parameter linear models (2P), three parameter changepoint
models for cooling or heating (3PC or 3PH), four
parameter change-point models for cooling or heating
(4PC or 4PH) and five parameter change-point models
for systems that heat and cool (5P). Information is also
provided about eliminating net bias, procedure for
considering multiple variables, use of models based on
indoor and outdoor temperature and variable-based
degree day models.
http://www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2023
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover4
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