ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 42

and has been operational since
January 2018. Notably, Kao Data
maintains the internal environmental conditions to ASHRAE's most
stringent Class A1 Recommended
Environment, without the use of any
mechanical refrigeration. This is
unprecedented for a wholesale colocation data center in the UK.

Relative Humidity

A4

A3
Wet-Bulb Temperature (°F)

Dew-Point Temperature (°F)

2020

ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES

A2
A1

Energy Efficiency

PU E

The primary cooling system at Kao
Data incorporates indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) technology to
Recommended
maximize energy efficiency, while
reducing the environmental impact.
Dry-Bulb Temperature (°F)
This is achieved through eliminatFIGURE 1 ASHRAE TC 9.9, thermal guidelines (2011).
ing mechanical refrigeration, while
maintaining internal conditions to
the ASHRAE-recommended range of Class A1,1 against
the ASHRAE extreme maximum weather data and the
full ITE load.
The IEC technology is comprised of modular airhandling units, each with an epoxy-coated aluminium
air-to-air heat exchanger to optimize the approach
temperature between external and internal air temperatures. The key functionality of the IEC technology
utilizes adiabatic cooling via integrated water spray bars,
under extreme external ambient conditions.
Additionally, environmental pressure and temperaPHOTO 1 Architectural image of completed Kao Data Campus.
ture differential feedback is continuously received
from the technical space, and a control algorithm
2007 2011 2013 2018 2019 2020
2.8
then determines the rotational speed of the inter2.5
2.6
2.4
nal and external electronically commutated (EC)
2.2
1.98
fan walls circulating air to and from the space and
2.0
1.67 1.59
1.65
1.8
across the heat exchanger before heat is rejected to
1.58
1.6
atmosphere.
1.4
Total Facility Power
Power Usage Effectivness =
IT Equipment Power
The Green Grid's power usage effectiveness (PUE)
metric is the industry-recognized metric for assessing
infrastructure effectiveness for data centers, whereby
the total energy usage of the data center is divided by
the energy usage of the IT equipment housed within the
data center.
42

ASHRAE JOURNAL

ashrae.org

J U N E 2020

1.2
1.0
2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

FIGURE 2 Data center efficiency gains have stalled. Source: Reported data center PUE
figures in global Uptime Institute survey from 2007 to 2020.

Research conducted by the Uptime Institute shows
that the average PUE for a typical data center has been
falling over time, with the average PUE being 1.58 in
2018 (Figure 2). Typically, in an operational scenario,



https://www.ashrae.org/

ASHRAE Journal - June 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - June 2020

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 45
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ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - 50
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ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - June 2020 - Cover4
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