Clean Run - April 2017 - 56


1A

1B

2A

2B

Head
Tail

Hip

Abdominal

Thoracic

Neck

Shoulder

Stifle

Elbow

Tarsus

Caudal

Cranial

(Rear)

(Front)

Carpus

Right Rear

Left Rear

Right Front

Left Front

3

components of the step cycle. See
Figure 1. Each leg goes through its
own step cycle. The stance phase
and the swing phase make up the
step cycle. The stance phase is the
period that the foot is in contact
with the ground. The swing phase
is the period that the foot is swinging in the air. Each leg of the dog
goes through the same step cycle
for every gait.
The walk, trot, cantor, and gallop
are four forms of gait. The walk
and trot are symmetrical gaits. In
this type of gait the movements
of the right side mirror the movements of the left side. The cantor
and gallop is an example of an
asymmetrical gait, whereby the
limbs of one side move in a different pattern than the limbs on the
other side. They are commonly the
gaits used when the dog is participating in agility.

56

Analyzing Motion
The canine structure is divided into
segments when analyzing motion.
See Figure 2. The axial vertebral
column is made up of many joints
and is divided into anatomical segments. The cranial segment is the
head, followed caudally by the
neck (cervical), thoracic, abdominal
(lumbosacral), and tail. The anatomical components are vertebral
bones, the paravertebral muscles,
and the nerves that stimulate these
muscles. The appendicular segments are the front legs and the
back legs. The anatomical components are the long bones, skeletal
muscles, and the nerves that stimulate them.These are subdivided into
smaller segments by the leg joints:
shoulder, elbow, carpus, hip, stifle,
tarsus, and phalanges. It is important to remember the antebrachial
muscle groups that manipulate the
toes. Locomotion as a whole is a
result of the individual movements

of these segments. Gait analysis is
used to assess the movement of the
individual segments and joints and
how they affect locomotion.
The body uses most of the muscles during activity, but certain
muscle groups play a key role
in performance. The muscles of
the rear legs and vertebra create
most of the energy of propulsion.
The muscles of the front legs absorb the energy created by the
rear legs, and are used in the action of turning. The longissimus
and hamstring muscle groups are
the two most important muscle
groups related to speed. Figure 3
shows how these muscle groups
act to lift the body upward and
the hamstrings propel the body
forward. The quadriceps muscle
group stabilizes and extends the
stifle joint. The other muscles also
play a role in locomotion, but
the longissimus and hamstring
muscles are the two groups that
Clean Run | April 17



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Clean Run - April 2017

Contents
Clean Run - April 2017 - Cover1
Clean Run - April 2017 - Cover2
Clean Run - April 2017 - Contents
Clean Run - April 2017 - 4
Clean Run - April 2017 - 5
Clean Run - April 2017 - 6
Clean Run - April 2017 - 7
Clean Run - April 2017 - 8
Clean Run - April 2017 - 9
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Clean Run - April 2017 - Cover3
Clean Run - April 2017 - Cover4
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