Clean Run Magazine -May 2010 - 26

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plete isolation. Vaccination does not prevent infection but does help limit the severity of the disease. There are two types of vaccines available. The intranasal vaccine goes in the nose and only one dose is required. The subcutaneous vaccine goes under the skin and initially two doses are needed 3-4 weeks apart. Both need annual boosters, but it is appropriate and safe to booster every 6 months if the situation warrants. The subcutaneous vaccine stimulates systemic immunity and the intranasal vaccine stimulates a local immune response in the nasal passages in addition to systemic protection. Only the most common disease causing organisms are in the ITB vaccines, typically B. bronchiseptica and parainfluenza virus. The technology is not yet available to make a vaccine against all organisms implicated in ITB. Your dog’s core vaccines also include protection against adenovirus type 2. Vaccination for Bordetella and parainfluenza is not considered part of the core vaccines, but it should be given to those dogs considered at risk. At risk dogs definitely include agility dogs. Risk includes any situation where there is a large, variable population of dogs including but not limited to kennels, daycares, shelters, trials, classes and dog parks. There are some veterinarians who clearly prefer one vaccine over another. There are also highly variable policies on vaccine requirements before boarding or entering trials and much of it is not based on scientific evidence. Vaccination upon entry at a boarding facility or the day before a trial is not immediately helpful, although unfortunately it happens frequently. Regardless of the type of vaccine used the current recommendation is to give vaccines at least 1 week before potential exposure. Both the intranasal and subcutaneous vaccines have been shown to be effective in minimizing symptoms and reducing the period where the dog is contagious, but remember neither vaccine prevents disease. The intranasal vaccine can become effective in as few as 3 days. The subcutaneous vaccine needs 7 days to become effective. Occasionally the intranasal vaccine can cause mild ITB signs. The intranasal vaccine can also be difficult to administer to an uncooperative patient. Concurrent use of both the intranasal and subcutaneous vaccine has been shown to induce stronger immunity in puppies that have not been previously exposed to ITB. Using both vaccines at the same time for older dogs has no additional benefit. Puppies can be vaccinated with the intranasal vaccine as early as 2-3 weeks of age. There is no scientific evidence to support the practice of vaccinating dogs that have already been exposed but are not yet sick or that have clinical symptoms.

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Treatment
Treatment of ITB is another area where there are many opinions and little research to support one protocol over another. Antibiotics can help shorten the duration of coughing by eliminating any bacterial component. Viruses are not responsive to antibiotics. Generally the antibiotic of choice is doxycycline for uncomplicated ITB. That said there are other antibiotics that will work and the choice is based on veterinary preference. Some vetClean Run | May 10

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Clean Run Magazine -May 2010

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Clean Run Magazine -May 2010