Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 14

Cities Seize Momentum
On Expansion of Pre-K
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1
joined by city labor leaders who
support the plan. "This is an area
where there's extraordinary consensus
that yes, this is something
that really works."
But his plan depends on Albany
lawmakers granting the mayor
the authority to increase taxes
on the approximately 40,000 city
residents who earn more than
$500,000 a year. If implemented,
the tax hike would funnel about
$340 million over five years to preschool
and $190 million over the
same time period for after-school
programs aimed at middle school
students.
Hurdles Ahead
Granting Mr. de Blasio the fiveyear
taxing authority is by no
means a sure thing. New York Gov.
Andrew M. Cuomo, who is also a
Democrat and up for re-election
this year, made tax relief a rallying
cry in his Jan. 8 State of the
State address to legislators. And
state Senate Republicans argue
that additional taxes aren't the
right mechanism to address the
issue.
Still, New York is not alone in its
preschool hopes, said Laura Bornfreund,
who studies early education
policy for the New America Foundation,
a Washington-based think
tank.
"There's a lot of support out there
for prekindergarten, especially at
a local level," Ms. Bornfreund said.
Not every proposal gains traction,
however. The city council in Memphis,
Tenn., placed a sales-tax referendum
on the ballot last August
that would have paid for 5,000 additional
preschool seats. That vote
failed in November, 60 percent to
40 percent.
In Houston, supporters of ex-
panded preschool programs also
tried to have a property-tax increase
placed on the ballot in 2013, but a
county judge said the effort did
not comply with state law, a ruling
that was upheld by a Texas appeals
court.
Nimble Response
Even with some setbacks, municipal
leaders find themselves
able to more nimbly address pre-K
needs than state and federal officials,
said Tonja Rucker, who oversees
early-childhood issues for
the National League of Cities, in
Washington.
"It comes from being that close
to the families, and being closer
to the everyday needs of their
citizens," Ms. Rucker said. And
in some cases, cities already have
experience with early education
because they manage federally
funded Head Start programs,
which are aimed at 3- and 4-yearolds
from low-income families.
That gives city leaders the experience
and infrastructure to manage
their own preschool programs, she
said.
Some city leaders also demon-
strate a degree of impatience with
political maneuvering outside
their borders.
"Thousands of Seattle's children
are either not enrolled in earlylearning
programs at all (because
of insufficient space or they cannot
afford it), or they are enrolled
in programs lacking the quality
needed to produce the best outcomes,"
wrote Seattle City Councilman
Tim Burgess, in a July post
on his personal blog. Mr. Burgess
led last year's campaign to bring
expanded preschool to the city.
"Seattle cannot afford to wait
around for Washington, D.C., or
Estimated Tax Bite
The Independent Budget Of-
fice, a municipally funded agency
providing economic forecasts for
the city, told Education Week that
the population of New York City
taxpayers earning $500,000 to
$1 million would, as a group, see
an average increase of $973 in
personal-income tax. The population
in the highest-income category-about
1,200 people earning
from $10 million on up-would, as
a group, pay an average of about
$183,000 more a year than they're
paying now, the budget office said.
Olympia [the state capital] to
properly fund the right kind of
early-learning options for our
children," he wrote. "We need to
become experts on the pressing issues
ourselves and decide what we
can do to improve the lives of all
our youngest city residents."
New York state has had a goal of
universal preschool for its 4-yearolds
since 1998, according to a
national evaluation of state preschool
programs conducted annually
by the National Institute for
Early Education Research, based
at Rutgers University in New
Brunswick, N.J.
However, the state has fallen
short of that goal because of insufficient
funding from state
lawmakers, the report says. In
the 2011-12 school year, institute
researchers said that 44 percent
of New York's 4-year-olds were enrolled
in preschool, and 75 percent
of those children were in half-day
programs.
Mr. de Blasio's advisors have not
put numbers to the preschool proposal,
but the plan would convert
some current half-day seats in the
city to full-day prekindergarten
seats, as well as create brand-new
slots. Though the preschool expansion
does not yet have a date set
for implementation, the mayor has
said that programs that are also
part of this initiative could start
serving children as soon as the
2014-15 school year.
The mayor has said that five
years of taxing authority is
enough to get the program up and
running, and after that, it can be
financed through other sources instead
of targeted taxation.
W. Steven Barnett, the executive
director of the Rutgers institute,
says the tax proposal allows a
dedicated funding stream for the
program, rather than relying
on the priorities of the state
legislators.
"If you go to Albany, they give
you more money this year and
take it away next year," he said.
"The history in New York is that
the rug has been pulled out from
under programs pretty quickly."
Getting on the Bandwagon
Potential opposition hasn't
deterred city union chiefs, with
Democratic state lawmakers, or
city leaders. Sixty-eight percent
of New York City voters support
the mayor's proposal, according
to a November poll conducted by
Quinnipiac University, in Hamden,
Conn.
"Those of us who have taught
in New York schools have always
heard about the promise of allday
pre-K," said Michael Mulgrew,
the president of New York United
Federation of Teachers, at the Jan.
6 event. "We've heard about it for
generations, and we think we are
at a moment in time when we can
actually finally get it done."
Mr. de Blasio's plan, though
popular among his supporters, is
getting a tepid response in other
important quarters.
Dean G. Skelos, a Republican
and the New York Senate majority
leader, has come out in support
of the concept of universal prekindergarten,
Scott Reif, a spokesman
for Senate Republicans, said in an
interview. But the tax burden on
state residents is already high, he
added.
"The answer can't always be,
'Let's raise taxes,' " he said. "And
tax policy in the city affects the
rest of the state."
Gov. Cuomo, in his Jan. 8 ad-
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dress to the state's general assembly,
also offered his support
for universal prekindergarten,
without specifying a funding commitment.
But he went into greater
detail on several tax-relief plans,
including freezing property tax
for homeowners and offering a tax
credit for low-income renters. His
proposed budget plan, due later
this month, is expected to offer
more details on how he would approach
paying for additional preschool
seats.
Mr. de Blasio has countered that
three of his predecessors have
successfully petitioned Albany for
the right to levy taxes on city residents,
including a tax on tobacco
intended to help curb smoking
and a tax raising money for law
enforcement.
"I appreciate the challenges
400 South Orange Avenue * South Orange, NJ 07079
14 | EDUCATION WEEK | January 15, 2014 | www.edweek.org
of the upstate economy," Mr. de
Blasio said in a press conference
after the governor's speech. New
York City has "a different set of
challenges. We have an education
challenge that is profound that we
have to address."
TAKING THE REINS
New York City is the most recent
example of a municipality seizing
the momentum on early education.
In many cases, cities around the
country are offering programs that
are available to more students than
what state funding would allow.
Prominent initiatives include:
2014
NEW YORK CITY: Mayor
Bill de Blasio proposes a
tax increase on residents
earning more than
$500,000 a year.
The increase is expected
to provide about $530
million over five years.
2013
SEATTLE: The City Council votes
in favor of creating a universal,
voluntary preschool program for
3- and 4-year-olds. The program
would be free for families earning
200 percent of the federal poverty
level or below, which is $47,100
for a family of four. The city is
embarking on a feasibility study.
SAN ANTONIO: City residents
approve a sales tax that will pay
for preschool for 22,400 4-yearolds
over an eight-year period.
The tax is expected to produce
about $32 million a year, and
the state will contribute an
additional $5 million.
2008
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
The nation's capital, which has paid
for preschool since the 1960s, passes
a prekindergarten expansion act aimed
at making early education for 3- and
4-year-olds universal in the city. As of
the 2011-12 school year, 69 percent of
3-year-olds and 92 percent of 4-yearolds
were enrolled in the program.
2006
DENVER: Voters approve a sales-tax
hike to create the Denver Preschool
Program, which gives tuition support
to families of children in the last year
of preschool before kindergarten.
Families can use the tuition support
at any of 250 participating preschools.
About 70 percent of the city's 4-yearolds
participated in the program
during the 2011-12 school year.
2005
BOSTON: Then-Mayor
Thomas M. Menino calls for
an expansion of the city's
prekindergarten programs,
which currently serve about
2,300 students a year. The
program is administered
through Boston Public Schools.
SOURCES: Education Week; National
Institute for Early Education Research
http://www.shu.edu/go/execedd http://www.shu.edu/go/execedd http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - January 15, 2014

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - January 15, 2014

Education Week - January 15, 2014
Contents
Renewals of Education Laws Languish in Congress
Cities Take Lead on Expanding Early Education
TFA Alumni Groomed For Leadership Roles
New Crop of Advocacy Groups Sets Sights on Parents
USDA Opts to Keep in Place More-Flexible Lunch Rules
Federal Guidance Urges Schools to Shift From ‘Zero Tolerance'
Districts Get Creative to Speed Up Internet
U.S. ‘Learning Registry’ Working to Tailor Online Content
Some Waiver States Struggle in Key Areas, Ed. Dept. Says
Calif. Rolls Toward Implemention On Overhauled K-12 Funding Formula
N.Y. Governor Aims to Boost School Tech.
News in Brief
Report Roundup
Blogs of the Week
Blogs of the Week
State of the States
Letters
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
ERICH MAY: The Motivation Gap
GENE I. MAEROFF: Cultivating Hope In Struggling Smaller Cities
FREDERICK M. HESS: The 2014 Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings
MIKE SCHMOKER: Education’s Crisis of Complexity
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Districts Get Creative to Speed Up Internet
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 2
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Contents
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - News in Brief
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Report Roundup
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - New Crop of Advocacy Groups Sets Sights on Parents
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Federal Guidance Urges Schools to Shift From ‘Zero Tolerance'
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - U.S. ‘Learning Registry’ Working to Tailor Online Content
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Blogs of the Week
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 10
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 11
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 12
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 13
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 14
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Calif. Rolls Toward Implemention On Overhauled K-12 Funding Formula
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - State of the States
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Blogs of the Week
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 18
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 19
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - GENE I. MAEROFF: Cultivating Hope In Struggling Smaller Cities
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - FREDERICK M. HESS: The 2014 Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - Letters
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 23
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 25
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 26
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - 27
Education Week - January 15, 2014 - MIKE SCHMOKER: Education’s Crisis of Complexity
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