Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 18

| MAKING SMARTER USE OF TIME

Fifth graders, from left,
Lenorah Hunt, Brooke
Clark, and William
Shortt, play during
recess at Centerville
Elementary School
in Virginia Beach, Va.

"

Waking up a
teenager at
7 a.m. is like
waking up an
adult at 4 a.m."
SCOTT E. CARRELL
Researcher

Don't Mess With Recess
Another strong recommendation from the experts: Make sure students get time for a break,
preferably outside. In other words: Don't mess with
recess. In fact, the CDC has recommended that all
students-from kindergarten through grade 12-get
at least 20 minutes of recess a day.
But that's easier said than done. In the era of highstakes testing, schools are still under intense pressure to wring every possible academic minute out
of the day. Breaks and play can be seen as frivolous,
educators say.
For instance, in the Red Creek Central school
district in upstate New York, all students get a minimum of 20 minutes, but typically closer to 30 minutes. And no matter how poorly they behave, no
child is told that they can't have the break.
"Nobody sits out recess," said Dennis Taylor, the
principal of M.W. Cuyler Elementary School. But he
wishes his students had a little more time for breaks.
"I'd like it to be a little longer but our day hasn't got-

18 | EDUCATION WEEK | February 26, 2020 | www.edweek.org

ten any longer," he said. Breaks may be vital to
student success, said Robert Murray, a pediatric
gastroenterologist at Nationwide Children's Ohio
State University College of Medicine, who investigated recess for the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2013.
For one thing, recess helps students learn better.
The brain needs unstructured time to "encode"
new information, Murray said.
"It's penny wise and pound foolish to worry
about cramming as much [learning] as you can,"
into a particular time frame, he said. "If you don't
give the brain an opportunity to encode it, then the
child hasn't really learned it."
Schools don't have to offer formal recess in
order for this to work-a quick break, like a walk
around the school, could help, Murray said.
What's more, recess is good for more than just
academic achievement, Murray said.
Letting students sort out their disagreements on
the four-square or tether ball court is actually great
preparation for the workforce, Murray said.
"Recess and free play offer students one of the
few opportunities during the school day for kids
to interact with each other without adult interference. They make rules and they compromise and
communicate with each other," he said.
That will help years down the line. "If you
think about your workmates, the ones you value
the most are the ones with strong social and
emotional skills. ... All of those skills are front-

Isabel Espanol for Education Week

waking up when their body feels like they should
be asleep."
The lack of quality sleep takes a toll on teenagers,
leading to traffic accidents, more frequent illness,
and even depression and suicide, physicians say.
So what gets in the way of later start times? Educators who participated in Education Weeks's survey
cited busing schedules (60 percent), sports schedules (53 percent), and extra-curriculars (38 percent).
Another third said student work and family obligations were a big hurdle. And more than a quarter
pointed to parent resistance and teachers' work and
family obligations. Just under 15 percent said their
schools lacked the resources to shift start times.
In the Westfield school district in western Massachusetts, high school starts at 7:20 a.m. and
middle school starts at 8 a.m. And that would be a
tough thing to change, said Paul Newton, the middle
school's principal.
"Here, the biggest issue to later start times is the
transportation contracts; you only have so many
buses to service each level," he said. What's more,
even if his district decided to try out a later start
time, others in the area might not follow suit, making athletic competitions difficult to schedule.
But some districts have found creative workarounds. About eight years ago, the Teton County
school district in Wyoming moved its start time to
8:55 a.m., with a departure time of 3:55 p.m. That
indeed made life difficult for high school athletes,
including the school's ski team, which has to practice during daylight hours.
The solution? The district switched to a seven period rolling schedule, so that students have a different class first thing every day. That way, the skiers-
and other athletes-were only missing a particular
class once a week.
The benefits have been well worth it, said Gillian
Chapman, the district's superintendent.
The new school start time "doesn't feel like it's the
middle of the night anymore," for her teenage students. "The biggest barrier other districts have [to
a similar shift] is that after-school sports schedule,
clubs activities, work. We were struggling with that
'til the rolling schedule."
The push is finding its way-slowly-into state
policy. The biggest legislative victory for advocates
of a later school start time came last year in California, which now requires all middle and high schools
to start at 8:30 a.m. or later. There's an exception
for rural schools. Other states have considered less
dramatic steps, simply directing school districts to
study start times, including Indiana, Maryland, and
Pennsylvania.

Julia Rendleman for Education Week

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 16

brain skills that require practice to bring out and
that's one of the powerhouse things that recess
does."
Little kids aren't the only ones who benefit from
a breather. The 8- to 10-minute break older students get passing between classes is likely not
enough for their brain to reset and get ready for
new material, said Kevin Williams, an assistant
professor at Occidental College in Los Angeles.
That's especially true if students are going from
one hard-core academic class to the next-say,
from chemistry to algebra.
But Williams acknowledges adding more time
for breaks between classes isn't easy for most
schools. "You can't have an hour-long break after
every class, or school would end at 7 p.m.," he
said.

Organizing the School Day
When it comes to academic subjects-like reading and math-the littlest learners are likely to
do their best work first thing in the morning, said
Mareikee Wieth, a professor at Albion College in
Albion, Mich.
"Younger kids tend to have their optimal time
of day more towards the morning," Wieth said.
"They are able to focus on what the teacher is saying as opposed to that lollypop that might be in
their" cubby.
That's why some schools have made it a prior-


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Education Week - February 26, 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - February 26, 2020

Education Week - February 26, 2020
When It’s Hard to Really Love That Student
Academic Coaches Keep High School Athletes in Play
Making Smarter Use of Time
Briefly Stated
Teacher Pay Push Maintains Foothold in States
Study Tracks Hidden Segregation Within Schools
What the Research Says
Federal School Safety Center Focuses on Prevention
Districts to Use Principals As Major Lever for Gains
Trump Budget Would Slash, Recast Ed. Funding Stream
Pushback Over SEL Bubbles Up in Idaho
What’s in the Way of Change?
Boosting Recess Time To Make ‘Play’ a Priority
Smart Scheduling Puts Students First
Later Start Times: ‘Big Shift, Big Impact’
How Can We Make Better Use of the School Day?
Letters to the Editor
EdWeek Top School Jobs
It’s Not About Productivity. It’s About Time Management
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Making Smarter Use of Time
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 2
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 4
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Teacher Pay Push Maintains Foothold in States
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - What the Research Says
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 7
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Federal School Safety Center Focuses on Prevention
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 9
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Districts to Use Principals As Major Lever for Gains
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 11
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Pushback Over SEL Bubbles Up in Idaho
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 13
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 14
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 15
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 16
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - What’s in the Way of Change?
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 18
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Boosting Recess Time To Make ‘Play’ a Priority
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Later Start Times: ‘Big Shift, Big Impact’
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 21
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - How Can We Make Better Use of the School Day?
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 23
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - Letters to the Editor
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 26
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - 27
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - It’s Not About Productivity. It’s About Time Management
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - CW1
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - CW2
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - CW3
Education Week - February 26, 2020 - CW4
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