Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 6

The Key to School-Based COVID-19 Testing:
Cooperation of Parents and Communities
By Evie Blad

A variety of testing strategies
serve multiple goals

Through surveillance or screening tests, schools
test a rotating random sample of students and
staff-or sometimes a more targeted group like
teachers or athletes-as often as once or twice a
week. Their aim goes beyond identifying and isolating individual cases of the virus.
The tests are used to monitor for warning signs
that efforts like social distancing aren't adequate,
and they can be used to ensure the rate of virus
spread within a building stays below thresholds of
concern identified by local health officials.
Some states, like New York, mandate or offer
school-based testing if the community surrounding a school has high rates of reported virus cases.
Elsewhere, schools have teamed with nonprofit
organizations or local universities to pilot testing
efforts, offering reassurance to families who may
be reluctant to return to the classroom.
" Schools we spoke with experienced a range of
reactions to COVID-19 testing, from near-universal enthusiasm to widespread skepticism from
staff or parents, " the RAND report found.
Reports from around the country show how differently parents and teachers view coronavirus
testing, and the risk presented by the virus itself.
In Utah, for example, local health officials warned
of an unwritten " mom code " among some parents
who agreed not to test their children after possible
exposure to COVID-19 for fear that an asymptomatic case could lead to mass quarantines of sports
teams or classrooms. In other areas, parents seem
relieved to have a testing option in their children's
schools.
North Shore School District 112, north of Chicago, started regular testing of students Feb. 1.
Out of 3,000 students, just 1,200 opted into the
voluntary program. Of staff members, about 55
percent participate in the weekly tests. But, even
though participation rates are low compared to
some areas, Superintendent Michael Lubelfeld
says the program has value as part of a set of " layered mitigation " strategies that work together to

Jae C. Hong/AP

Policymakers and public health officials have
promoted broad, school-based testing for COVID19 as a strategy to keep schools open for in-person
learning and to monitor the success of their mitigation efforts.
But, as districts put such efforts into place,
they've identified a hurdle that has the potential
to weaken the effectiveness of so-called surveillance or screening testing: getting consent to test
an adequate number of students, teachers, and
staff members within their buildings.
" Figuring out the logistics of testing is sort of
the first step, " said Dr. Laura Faherty, a physician
policy researcher at the RAND Corporation. " The
other really critical component is making sure that
the community is heard, engaged, and has their
concerns addressed, and that the right parties are
at the table. "
Faherty, who is also an assistant professor of pediatrics at the Boston University School of Medicine, coauthored a December RAND report that
suggested best practices based on interviews with
80 leaders involved in early versions of schoolbased testing efforts. Schools used a variety of
strategies to win support from parents and staff
who may be concerned about privacy, stigma, or
the inconvenience of quarantines after positive
cases are identified.

Katie Ramirez, left, watches as
her mother, Claudia Campos,
swabs the mouth of her sister,
Hailey, for a COVID-19 test at a
testing site in Los Angeles.

"

We respect
individual views
... this is just
another tool
in our toolkit.
MICHAEL LUBELFELD
Superintendent
North Shore District 112, Illinois

6 | EDUCATION WEEK | March 10, 2021 | www.edweek.org

keep students safe.
" We respect individual personal views, and because we have so much else in place, this is just another tool in our toolkit, " he said.
North Shore schools have conducted about 5,000
tests since the program began, and they've identified just two asymptomatic cases. The district
plans to spend about $275,000 in federal aid provided through the CARES Act to continue testing
throughout the school year, and Lubelfeld said he
would consider continuing it in the fall if virus rates
in the community are high.
Some schools have taken a firmer approach, making consent to testing a requirement for students
who attend school for in-person instruction.
New York City schools, the largest school system
in the country and one of the first to commit to such
broad screening efforts, faced a conflict with state
officials who said last month that the district could
not continue its consent requirement. Officials later
backtracked, saying such requirements would be
allowed if local health officials agreed to them.
New York state requires schools in high-risk
areas, defined by a color-coded scale, to conduct
regular testing. But it does not mandate participation of all students in those testing programs.
Elsewhere in the state, where such testing is
voluntary, administrators report a variety of responses. When Questar, an educational cooperative that works with 22 New York school districts to
conduct testing programs, sent out consent forms
for possible testing, about 85 percent of parents
agreed, said Gladys Cruz, the superintendent of
the cooperative.
" Parents want their children in school. Children
want to be in school, " she said. " Everybody is doing
their part to follow the health and safety protocols
to keep our buildings and schools open. "
The Questar districts haven't reached the risk
level that would spark mandated state testing, and
the cooperative has instead limited rapid-testing efforts to athletics programs, especially for high-risk
sports that require closer contact between competi-

tors, like wrestling and football.
There is a growing push
for school-based testing

It's likely that more administrators will face such
logistical questions in the future as more schools
adopt testing programs. Even as more adults are
vaccinated, and more teachers are prioritized for
the inoculations, public health officials say some
mitigation strategies will be necessary in the 202122 school year, especially as more-contagious variants of the virus emerge.
" None of these strategies in isolation are going to
help us reopen schools, fling the doors open, and
have everyone feel safe and completely comfortable, " Faherty said. " All of them are interdependent
and kind of amplify the effects of each other. "
Epidemiologists describe varying strategies like
slices of Swiss cheese, with potential weaknesses
represented by the holes. When you stack five or six
pieces of cheese together, each piece covers a hole
in the previous layer. If one layer doesn't eliminate
all risk of transmission, hopefully the next one will.
And testing programs, even imperfect ones, can
play a role in that layered protection, those experts
say.
Updated guidance released by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention in February said
weekly widespread testing may make it safer for
schools in areas with the highest rates of the virus
to offer at least some in-person learning to students, especially older students who may be at
higher risk of severe illness.
In an executive order he signed his first week in
office, President Joe Biden created a pandemic testing board to come up with recommendations and
technical support for school testing efforts. And his
proposed COVID-19 relief bill includes money to
boost general testing and vaccination efforts and
nearly $130 billion in K-12 aid, which could be used
to support testing programs.


http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - March 10, 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - March 10, 2021

Education Week - March 10, 2021
Briefly Stated
One District’s COVID-19 Journey: A Year of Upheaval and Unexpected Insights
The Key to School-Based COVID-19 Testing: Cooperation of Parents and Communities
What the Research Says
Pandemic Revives Debates On High-Stakes Tests
This Is Not a Good Time to Fall Off the College Track
New National Civics Guidelines Carve a Middle Path for Teachers In a Polarized Climate
Clubhouse: What Educators Should Know About the New Audio Chat App
Vaccinating Teachers Is Just One Part of the Reopening Puzzle
Remote Learning Makes Time Management Even Harder
EdWeek Top School Jobs
The Scary Truth About Student Radicalization: It Can Happen Here
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - Education Week - March 10, 2021
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 3
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - One District’s COVID-19 Journey: A Year of Upheaval and Unexpected Insights
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 5
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - The Key to School-Based COVID-19 Testing: Cooperation of Parents and Communities
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - What the Research Says
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - Pandemic Revives Debates On High-Stakes Tests
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 9
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - This Is Not a Good Time to Fall Off the College Track
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 11
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - New National Civics Guidelines Carve a Middle Path for Teachers In a Polarized Climate
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 13
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - Clubhouse: What Educators Should Know About the New Audio Chat App
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 15
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - Vaccinating Teachers Is Just One Part of the Reopening Puzzle
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 17
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 18
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - Remote Learning Makes Time Management Even Harder
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 20
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 21
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - 23
Education Week - March 10, 2021 - The Scary Truth About Student Radicalization: It Can Happen Here
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