Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 6

School Calendars Get a Rethink as Diversity Grows
Muslim holidays
pose quandary
for districts
As a high school freshman, Mohammad Muntakim was looking forward
to celebrating Eid al-Fitr, which marks
the end of the month of Ramadan
and the sunrise-to-sundown fasting
that accompanies it. The holiday is
typically celebrated with family gettogethers and feasting. Then an unexpected problem came up: The holiday
fell during final exams week, presenting him with an unenviable choice
between academics and faith.
Ultimately, the teachers at his
school, Cass Technical High, moved
the tests to the following week to
honor the 300 or so Muslim students
in the high school, Detroit's largest with 2,350 students. Ever since,
Mohammad has helped lead a group
of Muslim students in the district to
advocate adding Eid al-Fitr to the district calendar if it falls on a weekday.
"I think it's not about just one school
or two schools getting the day off. I
think it's about respecting the culture
that surrounds the community and in
the city," said Mohammad, now a junior at Cass Tech. "Detroit likes to say
we're a very diverse city, but I think
we need to stand up and say we actually respect our diversity, rather than
just calling ourselves diverse."
Dozens of emails and phone calls
have gotten him and his peers tantalizingly close to the goal, but as a result of logistical problems, it isn't yet a
done deal in the Motor City.
The 51,000-student Detroit district
is not alone. Muslims are among the
fastest-growing religious minorities in the United States, but it's still
comparatively rare for their religious
holidays-or those of other religious
minorities-to be accommodated in
school schedules the way that Christian and Jewish holidays typically are.
What's more, as demographics in the
United States change, districts will
need to consider how increased diversity demands a re-evaluation of some
of the most basic questions of school
governance.
"It's just a natural progression as
communities become more diverse,
integrated, and settled and established," said Zainab Chaudry, the
director of Maryland outreach for the
Council on American-Islamic Relations.

Double Standard?
As pressures to craft inclusive
school calenders rise, they are putting districts into a difficult constitutional bind. Since the U.S. Supreme
Court determined in the 1940s that
the establishment clause of the First
Amendment also applies to state and
local government, districts have generally had to cite a secular reason to
close schools-for example, that large

Elaine Cromie for Education Week

By Stephen Sawchuk

Detroit high school junior Mohammad Muntakim has been pushing his school district to add the Muslim holiday
Eid al-Fitr to the school calendar. One year, the holiday coincided with his final exams.

numbers of staff or student absences
would hinder learning. (The establishment clause of the First Amendment
prohibits government from favoring
any religion.)
It's a hurdle that can feel frustrating to advocates who rightly point
out that Christian priorities are
deeply embedded in most school
calendars. They're largely an artifact
of the founding of public schools in
an era when literacy was explicitly
linked to the ability to understand
Christian scripture, noted Charles
Haynes, the founding director of
the Religious Freedom Center of the
Freedom Forum Institute.
"The schools were founded by
Protestants, and they made sure the
calendar was good to them. No public
school has Sunday classes, Christmas
is now a national holiday, so they have
a double whammy there," he said.
"And other communities look at that
and say, 'Wow, that's not fair!' And
then you have a public relations issue
and public community issue.
"It bothers many people in these
communities because it means their
child has to be treated differently," he
said.
It also means, Chaudry noted, that
many Muslim communities and other
religious groups have been asked to
justify school calendar changes on
demographic information that's hard
to come by, because religious adherence is not collected as part of the U.S.
census.
Education Week reached out to
districts located in counties that, according to estimates, have either a
high proportion of Muslims or a high
number of adherents. Several, including the Los Angeles and Houston
districts, said they permit excused
absences for religious observance, although sometimes parents must supply a written note. Among the handful
of districts that do officially include
the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Fitr and/

6 | EDUCATION WEEK | March 25, 2020 | www.edweek.org

or Eid al-Adha, which marks the end
of the Hajj pilgrimage later in the year,
are the large Philadelphia and New
York City districts.
School calendars are generally the
purview of local districts, though a
few states have aimed for broader
measures. Lawmakers in New York
last year identified six additional holidays and proposed allowing districts
to add them if the ethnic or religious
groups celebrating them made up at
least 7.5 percent or more of the population. The bill has not advanced.
And on their own, a few districts
have taken an expansive approach.
Howard County, Md., now recognizes
Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, the Hindu
holiday Diwali, and in response to its
East Asian community, the Lunar
New Year.

Eyeing the Puzzle Pieces
In Detroit, Mohammad pursued
his advocacy with support from
classmates, and with the particular
encouragement of the district's chief
operating officer, Louis Solano. The
high school student wrote an opinion
article for the Detroit Free Press outlining his argument, organized a petition, and presented at a school board
meeting.
Thanks to his activism, the city and
the Detroit Federation of Teachers
reached a verbal agreement last year
to recognize the holiday by adding
an extra day off following Memorial
Day. (Eid al-Fitr is based on the lunar
calendar and is expected to fall on that
weekend this year.)
But the pact fell through over other
scheduling issues, highlighting how
something as seemingly simple as
changing a few calendar dates can
end up posing all kinds of logistical
challenges. Detroit's calendar must
be bargained with the DFT and other
unions, and although all are supportive of the change in principle, so far

they haven't been able to land on a
new calendar for the 2019-20 or 202021 school years.
"I will tell you there's a pathway to
get there, but there's a lot of compromise from different groups to allow
that to happen," Superintendent
Nikolai Vitti said in an interview. "And
right now, there's too many compromises that need to be made with too
many groups to then get to an agreement."
Just a few of the sticking points:
whether such a day would be reserved
for teacher training and how they'll
be compensated for it; whether to
nix part of a winter break, which
the schools have preserved despite
also letting students out the week of
Christmas, alongside a spring one;
and whether to begin before Labor
Day, which teachers generally eschew.
Adding days at the end of the school
year could cause problems, too, because few Detroit schools have air
conditioning to compensate for sultry weather. School closings from the
coronavirus pandemic seem likely to
complicate scheduling issues further.
"It is not a matter of not wanting to
do it-it's a matter of trying to figure
out a plan ahead to make sure its impact is not disruptive to other matters
we have to consider," said DFT President Terrence Martin.

A Larger Conversation
Nationally, the issue of what advocates term "Eid equality" has become
a fruitful topic of youth activism beyond Michigan. A 16-year-old New
Jersey student earlier this year succeeded in persuading the Pompton
Lakes district to close on Eid al-Fitr
for future years, for example. And the
Detroit students' conversation about
the issue has inspired similar movements in the nearby suburban districts in Troy, Warren, and Bloomfield
Township.

And for those districts that have
yet to debate the topic, but are seeing their communities grow more
diverse? They should start by hosting
a community town hall for Muslim
families or other religious minorities
to learn what they most need from the
schools, said Chaudry of CAIR.
"In some cases, the community is
not particularly concerned" about religious holidays, especially if it's trying
to get other basic needs met. "I think
for refugees especially, theirs are food
on the table and a roof over their head
and not being subjected to violence,
and they have different priorities than
some who have been settled for generations," she said.
Haynes of the Religious Freedom
Center agrees that communities that
have successfully navigated the calendar issue also have tended to have
a wider-ranging conversation about
how schools can listen to religious minorities' particular needs or concerns.
Otherwise, the calendar issue can assume outsized symbolic importance.
"This issue taken in isolation is a
surefire way for conflict and anger
in many communities, and a surefire
way for people to feel like they've lost
or been hurt," Haynes said. "It's just
hard for there to be any real winners
when it's all put on this one thing."
Short of calendar changes, there are
a lot of other things districts can do to
show that they're listening. For example, they can give excused absences
and leave those out of calculations for
giving out awards for perfect attendance, so Muslim students and other
religious minorities aren't penalized.
What they shouldn't do, he said,
is take a zero-sum approach. Before
Howard County in Maryland approved its new calendar, for instance,
it had considered scotching all but
state-mandated holidays-a proposal
that riled up both its Muslim population and its Jewish residents, who
would have lost Rosh Hoshana and
Yom Kippur.
Advocates for Muslim youths
say they're still working to educate
school systems but note encouraging
signs of awareness. Anisa Sahoubah,
the youth and education director for
the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services, in Dearborn, Mich., says one general change
she sees among local districts-and
welcomes-is that more of them have
started to change how they refer to
breaks, calling them "winter" and
"spring" rather than Christmas and
Easter breaks.
Mohammad is still hoping that
Detroit officials will reach a calendar
agreement for 2021, when Eid al-Fitr
is likely to fall on a weekday.
"The movement's there; there's
community support; people are willing to work behind it, but we haven't
seen it being implemented yet," he
said. "I think this is just the start for
students. It's a big community here,
and we have a lot, lot more to do."
Librarian and Research Specialist Maya
Riser-Kositsky contributed research to
this report.


http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - March 25, 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - March 25, 2020

Education Week - March 25, 2020
When School Shuts Down
A Message to Our Readers
Briefly Stated
School Calendars Get a Rethink as Diversity Grows
Endorsements Still Touchy for Unions In Election Season
Student-Teachers Caught in Middle by Shutdowns
Stand Down on Sales Pitches During COVID-19
Now Is No Time for Spectator Democracy
What the Coronavirus Feels Like in Communities Around the Country
Letters to the Editor
EdWeek Top School Jobs
How to Make Decisions In a Pandemic
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - CW1
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - CW2
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - When School Shuts Down
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 2
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 4
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 5
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - School Calendars Get a Rethink as Diversity Grows
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - Endorsements Still Touchy for Unions In Election Season
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - Student-Teachers Caught in Middle by Shutdowns
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 9
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - Stand Down on Sales Pitches During COVID-19
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 11
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 12
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 13
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - Now Is No Time for Spectator Democracy
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - What the Coronavirus Feels Like in Communities Around the Country
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - Letters to the Editor
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 17
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - 19
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - How to Make Decisions In a Pandemic
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - CW3
Education Week - March 25, 2020 - CW4
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