Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 13

And according to a February survey
of about 1,200 educators conducted
by the EdWeek Research Center,
more than two-thirds of respondents
believe their districts will continue to
offer remote learning options even
after the pandemic ends.

Communication with
parents is key
District technology officials have
significant latitude to customize how
the tools work and to constrain the
hours when teachers can launch the
live sessions, typically during regular school hours. They also tend to
give teachers significant latitude
on whether to use the remote classroom-management tools.
That's why the companies say they
encourage districts to be purposeful
in explaining to parents how they
work.
" I would underscore and double
click on the idea that while we provide the technology, schools use it
to enact their policies, " said Teddy
Hartman, the head of privacy for
GoGuardian. " A fair amount of the
questions we get are parents who feel
that the school system did not communicate well with them. "
Communicating all those nuances
is difficult, though, and probably also
explains why some parents shrug at
the use of the tools while others like
Hootman, the California mom, feel
caught out.
Hootman said that before the incident with Securly Classroom, she'd
made her peace with some degree of
school surveillance. She knew certain websites were blocked and that
her sons' documents could be read
by administrators. (One of her sons,
in fact, once got flagged by the district's safety auditing service when
he jokingly used the Klingon phrase
" Today is a good day to die. " )
But she was annoyed by how she
found out about Securly Classroom.
" What really got me was that as
soon as [the school] got [this tool],
they escalated to the most restrictive
possible environment. And they just
really expected us to be glad about
this, " she said.
Tracey Logan, the district's technology director, said it added Classroom at the start of this semester, as
teachers asked for more help with
online learning. West Contra Costa
doesn't mandate that teachers deploy the service; some educators like
all its bells and whistles, and others
use it minimally, she said.
In that district, Securly Classroom
has been popular for teachers of very
young students, English-language
learners, and students with disabilities. In those classes, age, language
barriers, or other issues mean getting everyone logged into and set up
in a remote session is harder, so the
tool helps save valuable instructional
time. Math teachers also like it.
But communicating about the
tool in the 28,000-student district
has fallen primarily to individual
principals and classroom teachers.
And Logan said she understands
why parents might feel uncomfortable depending on how they learned
about it.

" I can see how psychologically,
they might think: Can they see
through that webcam? Are they capturing keystrokes? I get how it can
feel weird, " she said. (The service
does not do those things.)
In other districts, the problem has
been exacerbated when the programs
deploy on families' personal devices.
Chris Carman, a high school science teacher in the Kent City, Ohio,
district, only learned about the tool's
reach after he got an email from his
son's science teacher, admonishing
the 7th grader for working on a social studies assignment during class.
(Carman's son had been using the
family's own device, not the school
system's.)
Being off-task is a legitimate concern for teachers to bring up, Carman
agreed. But the message got diluted
by how intrusive the notification felt.
(The district, he said, sent an email
about GoGuardian Teacher to parents shortly after Carman inquired
whether his son could opt out of the
sessions. The district's tech director
did not immediately return an email
seeking comment.)
" Frankly, I was just offended by the
disregard of our privacy. I know the
district, and others, see this as technically students are in school. But my
son's not using their device, and he's
not using their WiFi or Internet connection. That was what really bothered me, " Carman said.
" It was the consent aspect of it; if
they'd asked me beforehand, I would
have had time to think about it, " he
continued. " Most importantly, I would
have had time to talk to my son. "

Some students worry about
monitoring, others don't
Just what do students whose daily
school activities are being monitored
by these programs make of it?
Some are predictably cross that they
can't sneak off to play Fortnite or watch
YouTube when they're supposed to
be analyzing " Song of Solomon " or
working on trigonometry ratios. But
others have expressed bewilderment
or anger, finding the surveillance intrusive or dystopian.
At a minimum, students are paying
attention to the debate.
It was a high school newspaper, the
Grizzly, that first reported Oak Park's
pilot program allowing GoGuardian
Teacher to stretch to families' personal
devices.
" I think it's a little scary to know that
my teachers can see what I'm doing.
It would be more beneficial for teachers to find a less invasive way to limit
cheating, " the newspaper quoted one
senior as saying.
J.P. Kerrane, a 15-year-old freshman in the Boulder Valley district in
Colorado, says some students there
definitely feel that someone's constantly " watching over their shoulder " when teachers use the classroom-management program. Many
teachers in the district have chosen
not to deploy GoGuardian Teacher
for that reason even though they
have access to it, he said.
Other students don't sweat it, he
said-their reasoning roughly paralleling school district officials nation-

ally who assert there's nothing to fear
about monitoring if students are following the rules. Some of Kerrane's
peers, in fact, have even made funny
memes about GoGuardian-like one
which depicts the horrified expression
of a teacher perusing student-written
fan fiction.
But personally, he's not so sure.
" I think I'm more privacy-conscious
than most. I know everything I type
into Google Docs is being sent to an
algorithm to see if I have suicidal tendencies, so I have to rethink what I'm
doing. I keep a very strict separation
between my school and private data
footprint, " said Kerrane, who is already
taking an AP Computer Science class
and aspires to work in coding or computer systems someday.
And, he said, it feels unfair that students who can afford to have personal
devices of their own can more easily circumnavigate monitoring than
students who have to rely on districtissued devices.
As both students and parents have
discovered, the easiest workaround is
to use a nonschool-issued device and
log into a second account not tied to
the school network. That typically isn't
possible on a school-issued Chromebook.
The difference raises concerns about
whether some groups of students are
being observed more than others. The
mistrust comes because by nearly all
measures, disadvantaged students
and, particularly, Black students are
already monitored more than other
students in other aspects of schooling,
such as policing, disciplinary practices,
and dress codes.
(Some districts like Oak Park that
have " lease to own " programs for their
school devices actually make more privacy an incentive. They offer parents
who purchase the devices the opportunity to turn off filtering during nonschool hours.)
The loudest dust-ups about the classroom-management services, though,
seem to have come from wealthier,
more privileged communities. The
Montclair, N.J., district, in early March
temporarily halted use of GoGuardian
Teacher in response to a parent outcry.

Are we conditioning
students to surveillance?
For Vance, the privacy expert, it
all comes down to context. In general, she worries less about remote
classroom-management tools than
the companies' other services, since
there's at least a good case to be made
that the management tools can be
useful in helping schools to fulfill their
core job of teaching.
Still, communicating that to families
can be done well or poorly, she said.
" Having someone come to you and
say, 'I know what you were doing on
the internet,' does not create a trusted
relationship. So there's really a necessity to make sure that the monitoring
that is occurring is really necessary
and really fulfilling its purpose, " she
said. " Classroom-management software, when it's narrow and during
class when students know about it, is
going to be narrowly tailored. A lot of
the other monitoring isn't. "
Parents should also be informed

what districts do with whatever metadata they collect via any of their online tools, where it's stored, and how
often it's purged, she said.
And there are substantive differences in the services themselves. At
least one other provider of remote
classroom-management tools, Lightspeed, permits teachers to record students' screens, not just observe in real
time. (Neither GoGuardian or Securly
permits recording.)
Richardson, the Virginia teacher,
concurs that it's partly her job to make
sure students understand precisely
what the program does. She thinks
that's one reason her students are at
ease with it.
" I made sure I told them about it
at the beginning of the year, so it's
very transparent that I'm using it, "
she said. " And I tell them I only use it
while I'm in their class, so I don't do
it from 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon. "
At a broader level, it's still potentially
worrisome that schools are layering
so many student-surveillance tools on
top of a social media ecosystem that already prioritizes oversharing, some privacy experts warned. Especially, they
said, in the context of a tech-saturated
world where everything from Alexa to
home appliances is already potentially
watching or listening.
" I just think we are all creating
these environments where students
think in this weird panopticon way
that they're always being watched,
and they can't expect any privacy
under any circumstances, " said Barbara Fedders, an assistant professor
at the University of North Carolina
School of Law, who wrote a 2019 law
review article about the legal implications of surveillance for school
districts.
(The panopticon refers to a prison
design that, in theory, improves behavior among inmates because they
don't know precisely when guards are
monitoring. )
It's unclear yet whether surveillance
could change students' behavior longterm, as the panopticon theory suggests, said Vance. It might alter their
creativity and expressiveness in ways
we don't understand, she said.
Or-and some research already suggests this is the case-perhaps students
may simply assume that surveillance is
everywhere, put it out of mind, and go
back to behaving as usual.
At least for now, some parents say
what they've learned about the classroom-management systems makes
them wary. And they're still wrestling
with the larger implications.
Carman's son is now logging into
his remote schooling on a different
browser. That means he can't access
all the teacher-interaction functions
that would be available to him in GoGuardian Teacher sessions, but his
screen won't be watched.
Carman is troubled by the conversation he had with his son when he
explained how the monitoring service worked: His son was not all that
surprised.
" I'm realizing that with this generation-two if you count the millennials-not only do they not have this expectation of privacy, they don't even
know what privacy means, " he said.

"

As soon as they
got [this tool],
they escalated
to the most
restrictive
environment.
RAMSEY HOOTMAN
Mother, El Cerrito, Calif.

EDUCATION WEEK | April 14, 2021 | www.edweek.org | 13


http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - April 14, 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - April 14, 2021

Education Week - April 14, 2021
Briefly Stated
How COVID-19 Will Make Fixing America’s Worst-Performing Schools Even Harder
Savings Are Running Dry Amid COVID-19
Anti-Asian Violence: What Schools Should Start Doing About It
Teachers Are Watching Students’ Screens During Remote Learning. Is That Invasion Of Privacy?
‘You Can’t Follow CDC Guidelines’: What Schools Really Look Like During COVID-19
How a Cheerleader’s Snapchat Profanity Could Shape the Limits of Students’ Free Speech
Student School Board Members Flex Their Civic Muscle in Supreme Court Free-Speech Case
Ed. Leaders: Discuss Race, Call Out White Supremacy
We Need a Better School Accountability Metric Than Absenteeism
Letters to the Editor
EdWeek Top School Jobs
The Year of Scourges: How I Survived Illness and Racism to Find My ‘Tribe’
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW1
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW2
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Education Week - April 14, 2021
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 3
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - How COVID-19 Will Make Fixing America’s Worst-Performing Schools Even Harder
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 5
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 6
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Savings Are Running Dry Amid COVID-19
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 8
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 9
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Anti-Asian Violence: What Schools Should Start Doing About It
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 11
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Teachers Are Watching Students’ Screens During Remote Learning. Is That Invasion Of Privacy?
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 13
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - ‘You Can’t Follow CDC Guidelines’: What Schools Really Look Like During COVID-19
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 15
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - How a Cheerleader’s Snapchat Profanity Could Shape the Limits of Students’ Free Speech
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Student School Board Members Flex Their Civic Muscle in Supreme Court Free-Speech Case
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Ed. Leaders: Discuss Race, Call Out White Supremacy
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - We Need a Better School Accountability Metric Than Absenteeism
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Letters to the Editor
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 21
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 23
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - The Year of Scourges: How I Survived Illness and Racism to Find My ‘Tribe’
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW3
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW4
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