Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 8
state's school districts had under a
months' worth of savings as of the
2018-19 school year.
More than a dozen Michigan districts, most of them with a majority of
low-income students, had no money
in their fund balance accounts,
meaning they were on the brink of
insolvency and risked not being able
to pay employees without taking out
high-interest loans. Nine districts in
North Carolina were in that position.
Other districts had much more
than what financial advisers say districts should set aside. In Michigan,
for example, over 160 districts had far
more than the recommended 20 percent of their annual spending saved
in reserves. And at least 15 districts
had over a year's worth of spending
saved up.
Districts struggle to strike a
balance on savings
Fiscal analysts have long used fund
balance amounts to help determine
whether a district is in fiscal distress.
But hitting the right target can be
tricky.
Save too much and teachers and
taxpayers accuse administrators of
sitting on piles of cash that can be
used in the classroom. Save too little
and the district runs the risk of being
battered by the next recession or an
unexpected cost such as a roof caving
in from piles of snow.
School finance experts generally
advise districts to have between one
to three month's worth of their entire
annual spending reserved in savings.
The accounts can come in handy
for a variety of needs, administrators
say, such as paying for unexpected
special education costs, hiring teachers in the middle of the year to handle
an unexpected uptick in enrollment,
or fronting costs expected to be reimbursed by the federal or state government. They are also used as down
payments for new construction or
special academic projects.
After the last recession devastated
local and state government coffers,
municipalities, city governments and
state agencies began putting millions
of dollars of surplus cash in saving accounts to prepare for the next downturn.
But school districts often struggled
in this effort since federal and state
governments failed to keep up with
districts' growing pension, healthcare, and special education costs.
Districts on average save 10 percent
less than cities and counties in these
accounts, according to a recent report
from Moody's, the credit-rating and
analytics firm.
State legislatures, alarmed at how
many districts were on the brink of
insolvency by 2010, have since enacted more than 400 laws around
the country to restrict how school
districts spend and save their money.
Iowa, for example, bans superintendents from emptying their fund
balance accounts and has threatened to criminally charge school
board members who do so. Arizona
removed a cap five years ago that
restricted how much districts could
save.
In 2015, Michigan's legislature
passed a law that allows for the state
to take over a district with a savings
account that amounts to less than 2
percent of its annual spending. The
state took over five districts in that
year alone, making all their fiscal decisions.
Grand Rapids in 2008 had more
than $30 million in its savings account. But then the district lost
10,000 of its students to charter
schools, putting pressure on the budget for other schools. And the state for
several years slashed away at its K-12
aid to districts because of a depletion
of tax revenue, said Larry Oberst, the
district's CFO.
As a result, the district began whittling away at its fund balance amount.
By the beginning of the 2018-19
school year, it had $12 million in the
bank, or 7 percent of its spending. At
a meeting earlier last year, as many
states were projecting a pandemicdriven collapse of sales tax revenue,
the school board voted to get rid of a
policy that required the CFO to keep
at least 10 percent of the district's
spending in its savings account.
" We don't have extra money for
normal operational expenses such as
paying teachers or paying our pension
contribution, " Oberst said. " We're
completely at the mercy of the politics
of Lansing, " the state capital.
A poor, rural district feels the
squeeze
" We've had
to spend
down to
zero every
year. It's
nerveracking not
having a
cushion.
You sweat
right up to
the end of
the year
hoping
nothing
goes wrong. "
The situation is much the same in
Greene County, N.C.
After years of budget cutting, laying off staff, and foregoing purchasing new curriculum, Superintendent
Miller started out this school year
with $500,000 in his savings account, around 10 percent of his annual budget.
The wish list for Miller and his students is long and includes smaller
class sizes, safer buildings, and more
ambitious curricula.
This year's needs are acute and immediate, many of them driven by the
pandemic, including the demand for
PPE supplies, additional staff to keep
students distant during in-person instruction, and new computers for distance learning and online curriculum.
" The fear is [that] one unexpected
event can put you in the negative, and
you hope and pray that that doesn't
happen, " he said.
Greene County is a mostly rural
farming community in the eastern part of the state. Even before
the 2011 devastating financial error
when it staffed its classrooms with
too many teachers, the district had
been severely underfunded. As farms
were consolidated, people moved out
and property values plummeted. The
county commission for several years
has refused to raise the property
tax to bring in more revenue, requiring the district to became more and
more reliant on federal and state
revenue.
" Because we're a poor and rural dis-
trict, one of the things our board tries
to do is direct every possible dollar
to the classroom, " said Miller, who's
been running the district since 2003.
" I feel like because we're poor and
rural, it's really hard to justify saving
an unusual amount of money. "
With little savings, the district has
had to hold off on updating its infrastructure. It has more than $30 million worth of maintenance and repairs pending. The 59-year-old high
school's roof is leaking, there are
potholes in the parking lots, ceiling
tiles have mildewed, and the HVAC
system regularly breaks down.
" We patch it up and do the best we
can, " Miller said.
The district has also held off on
hiring. Class sizes have reached the
state's maximum limit, with an average of 35 students in high school and
18 in elementary and middle schools.
And at the beginning of the year-
before the state decided to front some
of these costs-Greene County's administrators feared they couldn't afford to comply with the state's school
reopening guidance that included
buying masses of hand sanitizer,
adding bus routes to assure student
distancing, and ordering thousands
of face masks.
As the state considers its budget
for next school year, Miller and the
board have already pledged not to
touch their savings this spring, since
that would risk running out of cash
on hand to pay staff and asking the
county government for a loan.
That means any cuts would automatically result in layoffs, a fraught
process for a tight-knit rural community such as Greene County.
" From my experience, it's better
to make tough decisions right away
rather than kicking the can down the
road, " he said.
Many of the nation's districts that
did use money from their savings accounts on pandemic-related expenses
are holding out for additional federal
aid through the American Rescue
Plan, the massive COVID-19 aid
Richard Miller,
superintendent of the
Greene County School
District in North Carolina,
finds it " nerve-racking "
to operate without
sufficient emergency
Alex Boerner for Education Week
savings.
8 | EDUCATION WEEK | April 14, 2021 | www.edweek.org
http://www.edweek.org
Education Week - April 14, 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - April 14, 2021
Education Week - April 14, 2021
Briefly Stated
How COVID-19 Will Make Fixing America’s Worst-Performing Schools Even Harder
Savings Are Running Dry Amid COVID-19
Anti-Asian Violence: What Schools Should Start Doing About It
Teachers Are Watching Students’ Screens During Remote Learning. Is That Invasion Of Privacy?
‘You Can’t Follow CDC Guidelines’: What Schools Really Look Like During COVID-19
How a Cheerleader’s Snapchat Profanity Could Shape the Limits of Students’ Free Speech
Student School Board Members Flex Their Civic Muscle in Supreme Court Free-Speech Case
Ed. Leaders: Discuss Race, Call Out White Supremacy
We Need a Better School Accountability Metric Than Absenteeism
Letters to the Editor
EdWeek Top School Jobs
The Year of Scourges: How I Survived Illness and Racism to Find My ‘Tribe’
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW1
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW2
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Education Week - April 14, 2021
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 3
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - How COVID-19 Will Make Fixing America’s Worst-Performing Schools Even Harder
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 5
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 6
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Savings Are Running Dry Amid COVID-19
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 8
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 9
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Anti-Asian Violence: What Schools Should Start Doing About It
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 11
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Teachers Are Watching Students’ Screens During Remote Learning. Is That Invasion Of Privacy?
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 13
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - ‘You Can’t Follow CDC Guidelines’: What Schools Really Look Like During COVID-19
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 15
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - How a Cheerleader’s Snapchat Profanity Could Shape the Limits of Students’ Free Speech
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Student School Board Members Flex Their Civic Muscle in Supreme Court Free-Speech Case
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Ed. Leaders: Discuss Race, Call Out White Supremacy
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - We Need a Better School Accountability Metric Than Absenteeism
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - Letters to the Editor
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 21
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - 23
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - The Year of Scourges: How I Survived Illness and Racism to Find My ‘Tribe’
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW3
Education Week - April 14, 2021 - CW4
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