Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 7

Where Charters Thrive, Turnout for K-12 Elections Drops
By Stephen Sawchuk
Most charters operate outside the
purview of elected school boards, but
the publicly funded, independently
operated schools have rarely been
studied for their impact on school
districts as civic institutions.
Now, one of the first studies to
take an empirical look at this question finds that the rapid increase in
charter enrollment in Ohio in the
earlier part of the decade appears to
have modestly depressed voter turnout in local school board elections.
A 1 percentage-point increase
in charter school enrollment was
linked to a decline in votes cast in
elections for school board seats of
about 2.5 percent to 4 percent, according to the study, conducted by
Stéphane Lavertu, an associate professor at the Ohio State University
and three other researchers. But it
did not appear to affect other elections featuring state or national
contests.
"It looks like charter enrollment
might affect participation in school
district democracy-but not so much
democracy in general," Lavertu said.

Ripe for Research
Social scientists have long theorized about the impact of charters
on notions of what is public and
private. Debates rage over whether

charter schools, which are run by
nonprofits, for-profits, universities-
and, yes, some school districts-
should even be considered public in
the traditional sense. States vary,
for example, on whether they are
bound by the same open-records or
financial transparency rules as traditional district schools.
But there's little research trying
to analyze this topic from a quantitative lens. And school boards as an
institution are also relatively understudied.
"It's an important aspect of politics at the local level," Lavertu
pointed out. "We have 13,000-plus
little democracies. School boards
are the most prominent democratic
institutions in the U.S."
The study aims to quantify one
part of how school choice might affect those small democracies. It was
released on EdWorkingPapers, a
new website begun by the Annenberg Institute at Brown University.
For the study, the researchers collected data on odd-year school board
elections from Ohio's largest metropolitan areas, representing 265 of
the state's more than 600 school
districts, from 1999 through 2011.
They paired those data with election records obtained from a thirdparty vendor and school enrollment
records.
Then, they used a statistical approach to compare voting patterns

in districts experiencing greater
charter enrollment with those
districts with lesser or no charter
enrollments.
In all, they found consistent evidence linking increased enrollment
in charters to a decline in votes
cast-for every 1 percentage-point
increase, a decrease on average of
about 100 to 160 fewer votes cast
per open school board seat. (In Ohio,
those elections are held in odd years
and already tend to have lower
turnouts than elections in even
years, which feature congressional
and presidential elections.)
While substantial, those declines
don't appear to have materially affected the outcomes in many board
elections. Notably, this pattern did
not seem to affect even-year election years, and the drop-off in voting did not occur in elections when
pocketbook issues, like tax levies,
were on ballots alongside school
board positions.
The pattern was more pronounced
in districts serving children in poverty, low-performing students, and
black students-probably because
those were the districts where charters were allowed to open, Lavertu
surmised.
Finally, the pattern appears to be
a result of fewer new voters hitting
the polls, rather than low turnout
among previously active voters.
The study doesn't link specific

parents to their voting records, so
it's unclear precisely what mechanism produces those results. But a
likely explanation is that when parents opt out of the local school system, they don't feel the need to keep
up with its inner workings. In effect,
the increase in charter enrollments
led to disengagement from school
district governance, the study notes.

A 'Logical' Impact
That's both an eye-opening finding and a common-sense one, observers said.
"It's like, 'Holy cow, oh no!' But
when you dig in, that makes sense,"
said Chad Aldis, the vice president
for Ohio policy and advocacy at the
Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a
right-leaning think tank, which reviewed the paper for Education Week.
The organization has advocated
tightening up Ohio's charter laws and
authorizes some charters in the state.
"If I've chosen not to send my
kid to the local schools, why would
I want to spend the time voting on
the school board candidates who
were running?" Aldis said. "In many
ways, I think it's logical."
Many charter proponents see districts as mired in inefficiency and
petty squabbles and may not worry
about slightly lower turnout among
parents who chose to bypass districtrun schools, Aldis noted. But for

proponents who believe local school
elections are at the heart of American
democracy-and that the health of the
nation depends on the health of these
local institutions-the lowered turnout is a potentially worrisome finding.
It's unclear whether the Ohio results could apply in other states,
which use different election schedules. Charter school enrollments,
after a period of impressive national
growth, have flattened since 2013,
and state policies on charters' governance and expansion vary greatly. It's
also uncertain whether these results
would look the same in a district that
has higher or lower proportions of
students in charters compared with
the Ohio districts studied.
But the research has potential
implications for both education and
election policy.
"If it ever became a bigger issue,
and we really became concerned
about voting in those districts that
have a really strong charter market
share," Aldis said, "they might want
to consider moving to on-cycle election periods."
Coverage of how parents work with
educators, community leaders, and
policymakers to make informed decisions
about their children's education is
supported by a grant from the Walton
Family Foundation. Education Week
retains sole editorial control over the
content of this coverage.

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Education Week - June 19, 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - June 19, 2019

Education Week - June 19, 2019
Review Finds Errors, Bias in History Materials
Teacher Tensions Fuel Ky. Governor’s Race
A District Turns to Parents to Help It Improve
News in Brief
Report Roundup
Are Rising High School Graduation Rates Real or Inflated?
Turnout Drops for K-12 Elections Where Charters Thrive
After Career Overhauling Ed. Schools, Levine to Step Down
Fending Off Dread of Summer Break For Homeless Students
Learn How Ed-Tech Leaders Are Tackling 5 Big Challenges
How Charters Could Factor In 2020’s Democratic Primary
State Legislators Tackle Broad Basket of Issues On Parents’ Checklist
Timeline: Party Platforms & Charter Schools
State Legislators Revamp Funding In Texas, Nevada
Teachers’ Pay Raises Across the Country
Joanne Golann & Mira Debs: Is Strict Discipline What Charter School Parents Want?
Allison Fried: Don’t Do Restorative Justice Unless You Can Do It Right’
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Olivia Obeso: A Language-Skills Reality Check
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - A District Turns to Parents to Help It Improve
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 2
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 3
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Report Roundup
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 5
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Are Rising High School Graduation Rates Real or Inflated?
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Turnout Drops for K-12 Elections Where Charters Thrive
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - After Career Overhauling Ed. Schools, Levine to Step Down
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Fending Off Dread of Summer Break For Homeless Students
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Learn How Ed-Tech Leaders Are Tackling 5 Big Challenges
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 11
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 12
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 13
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 14
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - State Legislators Tackle Broad Basket of Issues On Parents’ Checklist
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - State Legislators Revamp Funding In Texas, Nevada
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 17
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Teachers’ Pay Raises Across the Country
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 19
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Joanne Golann & Mira Debs: Is Strict Discipline What Charter School Parents Want?
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Allison Fried: Don’t Do Restorative Justice Unless You Can Do It Right’
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - 22
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - Olivia Obeso: A Language-Skills Reality Check
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - CW1
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - CW2
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - CW3
Education Week - June 19, 2019 - CW4
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