Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 17
school districts nationwide.
Hundreds more districts may be
under desegregation plans overseen
by the federal government, but poor
record-keeping makes that number
difficult to quantify. What is known is
that judges have released more than
200 school districts from federal oversight since the early 1990s.
The judicial winds have also shifted
for districts. The U.S. Supreme
Court, once the driver of school integration, quashed district plans that
use an individual student's race in
school assignments in its 2007 decision, Parents Involved in Community
Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1.
Wake County, which once had an
explicit race-based policy, had jettisoned it seven years before that
decision in favor of socioeconomic
status.
Wake's diversity efforts have been
a bragging point for community leaders, and many parents share the same
view.
Tanya Wolfram, a white mother
of two living in Cary, was looking
for a school with a year-round calendar when it was time to enroll her
daughter in kindergarten. She had
two choices, one school that was predominantly white and with 20 percent of students eligible for free and
reduced-price lunches, and another
with a higher percentage of black and
Hispanic students, with a free-andreduced price lunch rate of close to 50
percent.
Wolfram, who works for a community development organization, chose
the more diverse school. She has remained happy with that choice, as her
daughter, now 7, starts 2nd grade.
"I went to a very diverse school,
and diversity is important to me,"
said Wolfram. And, when she visited
the two schools while making her decision, the children at the school she
ultimately picked just seemed
happier.
"To me, their schooling is not just
what they're learning in the books,
you know? The reality in our neighborhood is that it's mostly white
people, upper and middle-income.
It doesn't really reflect America,"
Wolfram said. Her daughter's school,
which enrolls students from outside
the neighborhood, does reflect the
makeup of the country more accurately, she said.
But the school board's talk about
balancing poverty rates among
schools-and school board members
have taken pains to say that no defini-
tive school assignment plan is on the
table yet-has stirred up anger among
some community members.
"There's community concern and
concern by the board, and rightfully
so. How we go about this will have
huge implications in the community,"
said Keith Sutton, one of the board's
two black members and a Democratic
candidate for state superintendent of
schools. "We know that some in the
community are not happy. What we
don't want to see is see that pendulum swing back, when a board came
in and reversed years of work that had
been done."
One idea under discussion is that
schools should aim to be no more
than 20 percentage points higher or
lower than the countywide average of
freedom for parents. Her daughter,
now 12, started her school career in
Wake County public schools before
switching to a charter. For the past
three years, Humphries has been a
home-schooling parent.
"I don't think it's helpful for parents to hear that if you're in this area,
you're part of a segregation problem,"
she said, referring to certain neighborhoods in the county. But, she said, the
school board continually drops that
'race card.' "
"I would love for spending to be
reined in," said Humphries, who is
white. "I would not like for children to
be sitting on a bus for an hour, or even
45 minutes. I don't know if [school officials] ever sit down and work on why
people want to leave."
where they would have been assigned
had they just enrolled in the school
closest to them.
The researchers said that in a purely
neighborhood-based assignment policy, black students from low-income
families would have attended schools
that were, on average, 14 percent
white. Under the policy of weighing
socioeconomic diversity in assignments, they attended schools that
were 38 percent white, on average,
with higher levels of achievement.
But stated another way, the burden
of school reassignments for the sake
of diversity was primarily borne by
poor black students who were reassigned to schools out of their neighborhoods. "The effort to minimize
reassignments among advantaged
"
We don't want to go back to a time where it felt like the school
board was rearranging pawns on a chessboard. "
JIM MARTIN
Chairman, Wake County, N.C., Board of Education
students receiving free-and-reducedprice lunches. Currently, that's 32
percent, meaning schools should be
in the 12 percent to 52 percent range.
Right now, Wake County has schools
where as few as 5 percent of students
receive subsidized meals, and other
schools where the subsidized meal
rate is as high as 75 percent.
Parents Opting Out
It's impossible to ignore that a growing number of parents are opting out
of the school system entirely. The district had projected enrollment growth
to be 2,000 students in the 2018-19
school year; instead it added only
42. School district consultants pinpointed a lower birth rate, along with
increased enrollment in charters, private schools, and parents choosing to
home school as the cause. More than
43,000 school-age children in Wake
County attended private schools,
home schools, or charter schools in
the 2017-18 school year.
Angela Humphries, a fierce and
frequent critic of the Wake County
board, said school officials are missing the point that charter schools
drive up competition and offer more
As for alleviating segregation, she
said she's not sure that's the business
of schools. "Go talk to the people and
see what they need. There might be
people nearby who are willing to help,
without having to tax the entire community year in and year out."
For all the work and controversy
over Wake County's diversity efforts,
a recent study showed that they made
little difference to the average student
when the district was using family income as a more prominent part of its
school assignment policy.
But one group of students was
highly affected, the researchers
found: poor black students who would
have otherwise attended schools that
were 75 percent or more minority.
The study, published in American
Education Research Journal, looked
specifically at one iteration of Wake
County's student assignment plan.
For about 10 years, between 2000
and 2010, the district aimed to have
schools where no more than 40 percent of students were eligible for subsidized lunches and no more than 25
percent were performing below grade
level.
The researchers compared where
students actually attended school to
families was likely motivated by a desire to head off potential political opposition," the researchers wrote.
That's one reason Letha Muhammad, a community advocate and
mother, is reserving judgment on the
board's recent pronouncements. . Muhammad, who is black, lives in southeast Raleigh, a historically black but
rapidly gentrifying area.
Muhammad's oldest daughter was
bused to a school about 20 minutes
from her neighborhood. "She was
really a minority [in that school], and
I was concerned about what that experience was going to be like for her."
There were times she felt her daughter was treated differently by administrators, but Muhammad said her
regular presence at the school helped.
"I have a car. I can get there," she
said. "But I always think about the
people who look like me who don't
have the privilege," she said.
Her other children, a 16-year-old
junior and a 13-year-old 8th grader,
are enrolled in district magnet
schools.
The school board must move forward by listening to the families, including students, who might be most
affected by any changes in school as-
signment policy, said Muhammad
And school board members also
need to build trust. "As a parent, and
in speaking with other people, I do believe there's some questions around
history, and whether they have the
best interests of brown and black students at heart" she said. "I believe
black and brown parents need to be
looked at as experts in their child's
experiences."
It's clear in Wake County, the questions are easier to come by than the
answers.
Seeking Community Support
Wake County school board member
Bill Fletcher recently laid out the concerns at a meeting of the Cary Chamber of Commerce, which represents
businesses in the county's secondlargest city.
"Our community is browning. The
median age is increasing. Birth rates
are in decline, affordable housing cannot meet the demand," said Fletcher,
a real estate agent who is white. "Resegregation by race and socioeconomic status is growing, and our community vulnerabilities are increasing
in severity and frequency."
But, Fletcher added, "I'm not putting a solution on the table." Rather,
he said, the way to move forward is
through community agreement."It's
going to take more than the school
district and nine board members to
take this community and have it recognize that we're going to have to do
something together," he said.
Martin, the school board chairman,
said he considers himself a "realistic
idealist" on the issue.
"I try not to just walk around with
my head in the clouds," he said. Whatever the district decides to do will require support from parents and the
business community, which was one
of the original drivers of integration in
the region. It can't just involve moving
students around on buses, he said.
"Our board is very cognizant that
we cannot just be a board of education that goes out and says 'rah rah,
we're doing this.' We have to make it
a community effort."
Coverage of how parents work with
educators, community leaders, and
policymakers to make informed decisions
about their children's education is
supported by a grant from the Walton
Family Foundation. Education Week
retains sole editorial control over the
content of this coverage.
2000s
2009
2010
2011
2013
2018
The district undergoes
explosive population
growth. Around 5 percent
of students are reassigned
each year, mostly to relieve
overcrowding. Some
reassignments are also
made to promote balance
in socioeconomics and
student achievement.
School board
elections,
though
nominally
nonpartisan,
produce for
the first time
a Republican
majority on the
board.
In a 5-4 vote,
the Wake
County school
board scraps
socioeconomic
status as a
factor in school
assignments.
The move draws
national attention.
New school
board elections
produce an
overwhelming
Democratic
majority, which
is still in place.
The district adopts a school
assignment policy based
on four pillars: student
achievement, stability,
proximity, and operational
efficiency. Currently, far fewer
students are assigned for
socioeconomic diversity than
had been in previous years.
Cathy Moore, who began
her educational career as a
high school French teacher
in Wake County, is chosen as
superintendent. She is the
first woman and first Latina
to serve in that role
EDUCATION WEEK | August 21, 2019 | www.edweek.org | 17
http://www.edweek.org
Education Week - August 21, 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - August 21, 2019
Education Week - August 21, 2019
Years of Work But Still Separated by Race
‘Nobody Learns It in a Day’
Activist Auditor Decries W.Va.’s Funding Data
National Study Finds That Lessons On ‘Growth Mindset’ Boost Grades
Letters to the Editor
Briefly Stated
Schools Face Latino Kids’ Fears After Shootings
Shootings Reignite Focus On ‘Red Flag’ Laws
What the Research Says
R.I. Latest State to Orchestrate District Intervention
Most Teachers Say They Would Strike for Better Pay
K12 Inc., Ga. Cyber Academy Contract Battle Brews
Inside a Procurement Dispute In North Carolina
Teacher-Prep Accreditors Competing Once Again
Prepping Schools for Emotional Effects of Disaster
A Beacon for Confronting Mass Violence
The Urgent Need for Anti-Racist Education
Amid Rising Hate, We Must Make Our Students Feel Loved
EdWeek Top School Jobs
Congress, Do Something
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Letters to the Editor
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 2
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 4
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Schools Face Latino Kids’ Fears After Shootings
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - What the Research Says
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - R.I. Latest State to Orchestrate District Intervention
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Most Teachers Say They Would Strike for Better Pay
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 9
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - K12 Inc., Ga. Cyber Academy Contract Battle Brews
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Inside a Procurement Dispute In North Carolina
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Teacher-Prep Accreditors Competing Once Again
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 13
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 14
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 15
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 16
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 17
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 18
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Prepping Schools for Emotional Effects of Disaster
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 20
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 21
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - The Urgent Need for Anti-Racist Education
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 23
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Amid Rising Hate, We Must Make Our Students Feel Loved
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 25
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - 27
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - Congress, Do Something
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - CW1
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - CW2
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - CW3
Education Week - August 21, 2019 - CW4
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