Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 14

New Curriculum Review Gives Failing Marks
To Two Popular Reading Programs
Fountas and
Pinnell, Calkins'
Units of Study
get low marks
on EdReports
By Sarah Schwartz
Two of the nation's most popular
early literacy programs that have
been at the center of a debate over
how to best teach reading both faced
more new critiques in the past weeks,
receiving bottom marks on an outside
evaluation of their materials.
EdReports-a nonprofit organization
that reviews K-12 instructional
materials in English/language arts,
math, and science-published its
evaluation of Fountas and Pinnell
Classroom in November, finding that
the program didn't meet expectations
for text quality or alignment to
standards. The release comes on the
heels of the group's negative evaluation
in October of the Units of Study
from the Teachers College Reading
and Writing Project, another popular
early reading program.
Together, the two reports received
the lowest ratings EdReports has
given for K-2 curricula in English/
language arts, and they're among the
three lowest for ELA in grades 3-8.
" The materials don't reflect the
shifts-text quality and complexity-especially
in K-2, " said Stephanie
Stephens, EdReports' ELA content
specialist for early literacy, referencing
key components of the Common
Core State Standards-a big part of
the organization's review criteria.
These two literacy brands, both published
by Heinemann, command large
shares of the early reading market.
In 2019, a nationally representative
EdWeek Research Center survey
found that 44 percent of K-2 early reading
and special education teachers use
Fountas and Pinnell's Leveled Literacy
Intervention, the intervention companion
to Fountas and Pinnell Classroom.
The same survey found that 16
percent of teachers used the Units of
Study for Teaching Reading.
Recently, these programs have faced
criticism from educators and researchers
that the instructional methods they
use don't align with, or in some cases
contradict, the research on how to
develop strong readers. Fountas and
Pinnell has pushed back against these
characterizations. Lucy Calkins, the director
of the Teachers College Reading
and Writing Project, has announced
an upcoming revision to the Units of
Study, set to be released in summer
2022. (EdReports reviewed the current
version of the materials.)
How these programs attend to foundational
skills-teaching students to
recognize and manipulate the sounds
in words, and then matching those
sounds to written letters-is one of the
main focuses of the critique. It's also
something that EdReports turned a
renewed attention toward.
Fountas and Pinnell Classroom and
Units of Study are two of the three
K-2 reading programs to have gone
through EdReports' updated review
tools for English/language arts, which
" dig deeper " into the sequencing of
foundational skills teaching. These
new evaluation criteria also look for
what EdReports calls " bloat, " whether
all of the content in a set of materials
can be taught in one year. Open Court,
the third program evaluated with these
new tools, partially met expectations.
In its two responses to the reviews on
the EdReports website, Heinemann
wrote that the EdReports' rubrics aren't
a good fit for programs like Fountas and
Pinnell Classroom and Units of Study.
" FPC greatly values the importance
of responsive teaching and the
teacher agency required to adjust,
extend, and enrich learning based on
individual student needs, " reads one
response. " The EdReports rubric provides
no way to measure these deeply
valuable components of an effective
literacy system. "
This ethos of teacher agency is one
of the reasons that Fountas and Pinnell
and the Units of Study are so popular
with educators. Both give teachers, and
oftentimes students, choice over materials
and activities. Still, the EdReports
reviews could affect whether schools
continue to use them, said Morgan Polikoff,
an associate professor of education
at USC Rossier who studies K-12
curriculum and standards.
The reviews may influence statelevel
recommendations, or district
leaders might reference them the next
time they have to choose curriculum,
Polikoff said. It's also possible that
parent advocates, like those in Minnesota
who have petitioned their school
board for better reading instruction,
could use these reviews. " A bad EdReports
rating could be another piece of
evidence that those parents could potentially
bring to bear " in attempts to
jettison these programs, he said.
Kareem Weaver, a member of the
Oakland NAACP Education Committee
and the co-founder of FULCRUM,
an Oakland group that advocates for
evidence-based literacy instruction,
said that the reviews could provide the
impetus for school districts to reconsider
the use of programs that he says
don't work for all kids.
" I'm really hoping it will make people
do a double take, " he said.
Reviews critique text complexity,
foundational skills
Since its launch in 2015, EdReports
has recruited educators-teachers and
other instructional leaders-to conduct
its reviews, and to develop the rubrics
14 | EDUCATION WEEK | December 1, 2021 | www.edweek.org
"
Alignment with
the standards is
the bare minimum
that we should be
able to expect from
the curriculum.
KAREEM WEAVER
Member of the Oakland NAACP
Education Committee and the
co-founder of FULCRUM, an
Oakland group that advocates
for evidence-based literacy
instruction
used to judge materials. These rubrics
measure alignment to the Common
Core State Standards, usability in a
classroom setting, and other indicators
of quality, such as text complexity.
The company is one of the few organizations
that provides external
evaluations of curricula, and its reviews
have a wide reach: As of 2020,
EdReports said that at least 1,084 districts
use its reviews, including 89 of
the 200 largest districts in the country.
(There are about 13,400 school districts
in the United States.)
Still, not everyone agrees with
EdReports' conclusions. Publishers
have critiqued the group's methodology
and rating system in the past,
claiming that reviewers failed to consider
supplemental materials and
taking issue with the organization's
" gateway " system, which requires
that a program meet the standards set
for alignment before it can be evaluated
on other features. EdReports
made a few changes to its process
after publishers pushed back on its
first set of math reviews, though the
gateway system remains.
Fountas and Pinnell Classroom
failed to pass the first gateway. In K-2,
reviewers said that core texts didn't
meet standards for quality or complexity,
and that speaking and writing
assignments didn't require students to
use evidence from the texts they read.
EdReports also critiqued Fountas and
Pinnell's text leveling system, which it
said was " not accompanied by an accurate
text complexity analysis and a
rationale for educational purpose and
placement in the grade level. " The
group gave a similar evaluation for the
program in grades 3-8.
While the K-2 program's word study
lessons teach phonics, " the program
does not present a research-based or
evidence-based explanation for the
sequence " of instruction, reviewers
found. The report also claims that the
program doesn't consistently devote
enough time to systematic instruction
in phonological awareness, phonics,
and fluency.
Units of Study also didn't pass EdReports'
first gateway, which measures
alignment to the common core. For
grades K-2, reviewers said that texts
featured in the materials " are not appropriately
complex for the grade level
and do not build in complexity over the
course of the year. " They also noted
that the program focused mostly on
reading skills instruction, rather than
" questions and tasks aligned to gradelevel
standards, " like asking students
to use information from the text to support
opinions.
Instruction in foundational reading
skills like phonological awareness and
phonics, they said, " lacks a cohesive
and intentional scope and sequence. "
The review also notes that the materials
rely on cueing strategies for word
identification: prompting students to
draw on pictures, context, and sentence
structure-along with letters-to
figure out what words say. But research
has shown that pulling students' attention
away from the letters can lower the
chances that they'll use their knowledge
of letter-sound correspondences
to read through a word, making it less
likely that they'll be able to map the
spelling to the spoken word in their
memory.
Reviewers found text complexity
lacking in grades 3-8, as well, and they
said that the program lacks " a variety
of regular, standards-aligned, textbased
listening and speaking opportunities, "
as well as opportunities for
on-demand writing and systematic
vocabulary development.
Not every program reviewed against
EdReports' new rubric received low
marks. Open Court, the third program
reviewed with the new tools, fared betiStock/Getty
Images Plus
http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - December 1, 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - December 1, 2021

Education Week - December 1, 2021
Briefly Stated
Schools in Most States Are Shielded From COVID Lawsuits. It May Not Help
School Resource Officers Explained
Can Public Money Go to Religious Schools? A Divisive U.S. Supreme Court Case Awaits
Transgender Students Need Adult Support In School. Is It Slipping?
Are Bus Driver Shortages So Bad They Require The National Guard? Why Leaders Made the Call
New Curriculum Review Gives Failing Marks To Two Popular Reading Programs
Stemming the Toxic Tide of Technology
This Year Almost Drove Me Out of Teaching
EdWeek Top School Jobs
A Guide to Diffusing Charged Conversations With Parents
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Education Week - December 1, 2021
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - CW2
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 1
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 3
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Schools in Most States Are Shielded From COVID Lawsuits. It May Not Help
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 5
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - School Resource Officers Explained
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 7
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Can Public Money Go to Religious Schools? A Divisive U.S. Supreme Court Case Awaits
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 9
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Transgender Students Need Adult Support In School. Is It Slipping?
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 11
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Are Bus Driver Shortages So Bad They Require The National Guard? Why Leaders Made the Call
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 13
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - New Curriculum Review Gives Failing Marks To Two Popular Reading Programs
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 15
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - Stemming the Toxic Tide of Technology
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - This Year Almost Drove Me Out of Teaching
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - 18
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - A Guide to Diffusing Charged Conversations With Parents
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - CW3
Education Week - December 1, 2021 - CW4
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