Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 8

K-12 Aid Formulas on 2020 Legislative Agendas
Maryland, Ohio
among states
tackling the issue
By Daarel Burnette II
With the 2020 legislative sessions
looming, states are again moving to
tackle fundamental problems in the
ways they distribute money for school
districts, an issue that has long posed
political hurdles.
Already, Massachusetts has ushered
through a new funding formula that
alters how much money schools serving high-need students will receive
and the powers of the state to dictate
how district administrators spend
their money. Maryland and Ohio have
legislation in the works that, if passed,
would make historic changes to their
K-12 spending formulas.
Funding formulas intersect with
matters of race, demographics, and
taxes touching virtually every legislator in a state capital.
And the aging of states' funding formulas, which, on average are 20 years
old, continues to irk district administrators who must cope with changes
in costs driven by special education
and other high-needs student populations, health care and pensions, and
increasing demands to improve aca-

demic outcomes.
The political landscape this upcoming legislative season won't be any
easier despite a surging economy, state
flexibility from federal mandates under
the Every Student Succeeds Act, and
single-party control in many states.
On the one hand, there's been a
surge in activism from teachers and
parents in recent years over state's
school spending amounts. But voters
are still hostile toward any attempts to
increase taxes, and many well-funded
and politically powerful districts are
worried that changes in how funding
is allocated may cost them money.
In addition, politicians in an election year are often reluctant to stir the
political waters. Despite all that, some
states are expected to take the plunge.

and inexplicable anomalies."
A 1997 state supreme court case
ruled the state's funding distribution
methods unconstitutional, and many
fiscal experts in the state say Ohio still
has not met the court's mandate to
fund the schools in a "thorough and
efficient" manner.

"

The current system is so complicated
that few people fully understand it.
And it has created such severe
and inexplicable anomolies.
MICHAEL HANLON

Wide Disparities

Chardon, Ohio, schools superintendent

Ohio, which spends more than $10
billion a year on its K-12 system, is one
of the few states still heavily reliant on
local revenue to fund its schools. Over
time, disparities between wealthier
and poorer school districts have widened, and the state's academic outcomes have stagnated.
"The current system is so complicated that few people fully understand it," Michael Hanlon, the superintendent of 2,800-student Chardon
public school district told the local
press. "And it has created such severe

Legislators preparing for the 2020
session are being asked to consider a
bill authored by legislators Bob Cupp,
a Republican, and John Patterson, a
Democrat, that would add more than
$2 billion in new money from the state
and recalculate how much money
school districts can raise from the
tax base. It would also provide more
money to districts serving students
with extra needs.
An issue likely to emerge is how
much money wealthier districts

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er.
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Years of Work
But Still
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By Race

| BUILDING A TRAUMA-SENSITIVE

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SCHOOL

Week

edweek.org

in
Elementary School
education class at Bethlehem
dealing with trauma.
s his mood during physical
supportive of students
color block that represent
schools that are more
MacElhiney slaps the
experiment to build
First grader Conner
way in a statewide
school is leading the
New Hampshire. The

16th largest school system.
The question is, will it?
ion about
Wake County's latest conversat
earlier this summer,
school diversity started
the Democratic
just a few weeks before
propelled courtpresidential debate that
d the role that
ordered desegregation-an
it-back into the
busing played to achieve
Striving for racially
national consciousness.
schools has long
and economically mixed
community
been part of Wake County's
PAGE 16 >

Managing

Activist Auditor
Decries W.Va.'s

By Sarah D. Sparks

'Nobody
Learns It
In a Day'

Bethlehem, N.H.

With little to guide them,
create
schools scramble to
ts for
learning environmen
students in chronic stress
series
PART 1 of a 3-part

RSE
CHARTING A COU Funding Data
NG
ON SCHOOL SPENDI
Burnette II

|

scientific picThere's never been a clearer
experiences and
ture of the ways damaging
hurt a child's abilintense, chronic stress can
for many schools,
ity to learn in school. But
nsitive schoolthe picture of what trauma-se
is still developing.
ing looks like in practice
because there's
"We're in an all-fired hurry
we have to help our
this 'trauma' thing and
the director of the
kids," said Melissa Sadin,
Schools InitiaCreating Trauma-Sensitive
trains school and
tive, a national group that
have to do it cordistrict staff. "Yes, but you
it in a day."
rectly, and nobody learns
nce studies show
Cognitive and neuroscie
s with memory
traumatic stress interfere
and emotional
and attention, good health,

Caitlin Penna for Education

Week

By Sarah D. Sparks

holds her
EL PASO: A mother

a vigil,
daughter tightly during
a mass shooting

in El Paso, Texas, where
outside the Walmart
Page 5 >
took place this month.

(301) 280-3100 | reprints@epe.org
8 | EDUCATION WEEK | December 11, 2019 | www.edweek.org

e traumatic
stability. Students who experienc
ally and cogstress perform worse academic
reported worse
nitively, and their teachers
, according to a
behavior in the classroom
2016 meta-analysis.
Nearly half
And that's a lot of students.
been exposed to at
of all U.S. children have
according to the
least one traumatic event,
than 1 in 5 have
latest federal data, and more
been exposed to several.
ensitive
In the last decade, trauma-s
by the emergschooling has spread, driven
g natural and maning research, devastatin
discipline demade disasters, and school
n
educatio
special
bates. Federal laws on
e schools to use
and poverty now encourag
and more than
trauma-informed practices,
laws or crea dozen states have passed
18
>
PAGE

Lessons
National Study Finds That
t Grades
On 'Growth Mindset' Boos
of nearly

By Daarel

waged war
As West Virginia's teachers
over the fate of
with politicians last year
and rapidly
the state's financially strapped
State Auditor
shrinking public schools,
the road, preachJohn "JB" McCuskey hit
ncy during
ing his gospel of fiscal transpare
board meetings
school
late-night
of
dozens
listen.
to any official willing to
them. Rebuild
Open your books, he told
see exactly how
trust by letting the public
of dollars you're
you spend the millions
provided each year.
school system,
West Virginia's public
technical, logistibecause of a series of
is one of the
cal, and political hurdles,
bodies in the
last major governm ent
exactly how
state to detail for its citizens
PAGE 14 >

legislature this year, they're willing to
take it to the voters in the form of a
ballot question.
Maryland has one of the newest funding formulas in the nation,
passed in 2002, but already a growing
number of lawmakers and practitioners say it's time to overhaul it. They
cite the state's lagging academic
outcomes, the growth in English-language learners, low-income students,
and students with special needs, and
funding disparities between wealthier
and poorer districts.
A commission made up of politicians, advocates, district administrators, and teachers and led by William
E. "Brit" Kirwan, the former commissioner of the University of Maryland
system, approved last month a comprehensive proposal that would add
more than $4 billion a year in funding
to the state's school system by 2030 by
raising local and statewide tax rates.
The state spends around $7 billion annually on its school system.

Debate Looms

edweek.org

s
By Christina A. Samuel

as much as Wake
Few districts have done
its schools racially
County, N.C., has to keep
diverse.
and socioeconomically
board says it
It is a battle that the school
has been losing.
in Wake County,
Now, the school board
capital of Raleigh,
which includes the state
to reverse
wants
it
that
has publicly declared
g numbers of its
a trend where increasin
poor or affluschools are overwhelmingly
gly separated
ent, and as a result, increasin
in North Carolina
by race. In the county, as
antly poor
| schools with predomin
a whole,
2019
ber 25, as
more inexperiSupplement * Septem
and minority students have
| Vol. 39 * Issue 6
rated by the state
enced teachers and fewer
the children may
as effective, even though
needs.
have the highest academic
able to slow the
If any district might be
County, the nation's
trend, it would be Wake

the Money

Web blurb
one full sentence,
22-27 words,

$6

|
* August 21, 2019
| Vol. 39 * Issue 1

Sarah Rice for Education

Full-color and black-andwhite reprints of
Education Week articles are
available for purchase. Each
custom-designed reprint is
formatted with our
Education Week logo and
printed on quality paper!

er.
To inspire and empow

would lose under the formula. An
effort to pass a similar bill last year
failed after legislators learned that
many academically and financially
struggling districts would lose even
more money under the formula.
Cupp and Patterson said last month
that if the bill doesn't pass through the

dence can
Any student's self-confi
high school.
take a hit at the start of
a brief opYet giving students even
and reflect on
portunity to understand
can make
their mindsets for learning
themselves
them likelier to challenge
national
new
a
finds
and improve,
study in the journal Nature.
earlier this
The study, published
experimonth, represents the largest
inmindset
mental evaluation of a
a nationtervention to date, covering

ally representative sample
subur12,500 9th graders in urban,
schools. It
ban, and rural public high
of a 25-minute
found that two sessions
of freshman
online task at the start
and
grades
year could boost students'
classes.
willingness to take advanced
for 9th
"The study was timed
we think
grade on purpose because
young
for
it's a transitio nal year
standards
people, a time when the
they're losare rising, but also when
of friends
ing their support networks
PAGE 14 >

The legislature is expected to debate and vote on the commission's
recommendations during next year's
legislative session. Some parent
groups have threatened a lawsuit if
the legislature doesn't soon act.
Among other outcomes from a funding overhaul, the commission proposes
to extend the state's pre-K offerings to
3-year-olds, hire more school counselors and health professionals, substantially increase teacher pay, and add
more career-prep programs for high
school students.
But opposition has come from
wealthier corners of the state-both
Democratic and Republican-from
those arguing increased taxes would
drive businesses and residents to surrounding states with lower tax rates.
Gov. Larry Hogan, a Republican, has
spent some of his Super PAC money to
oppose the bill, according to a recent
Washington Post analysis. He has
claimed that the bill is "well-meaning,"
but "half-baked" and "too expensive."
"Local leaders agree with me-they
will not support the billions in crip-

pling state and local tax increases that
would be required," Hogan said in a
statement after the commission's vote.
A "Kirwan-lite" bill, which provided
a down payment, but not the full cost,
of the commission's recommendations, was passed last year.
Supporters of the proposal, including
Strong Schools Maryland, a lobbying
group, the state's teachers' union, and
the ACLU have pushed for the overhaul of the funding formula and have
staged rallies and sit-ins at the statehouse to push their cause.
"It is surprising and disappointing
that Gov. Hogan attacked the work of
his commission whose sole purpose is
to create the blueprint for how to make
Maryland public schools the best in the
world," Joe Francaviglia, the executive
director of Strong Schools Maryland,
said in a statement. "This is about the
future of our state; we do not have time
for political games."

Massachusetts Overhaul
Massachusetts became the latest
state to take an overhaul over the finish
line when Gov. Charlie Baker, a Republican, last month signed the Student
Opportunity Act. Over the next seven
years, the state, which spends around
$14 billion a year on its K-12 system, is
expected to add more than $1.5 billion
annually over that time.
Massachusetts, known for having
one of the highest-performing school
systems in the nation, had been
locked in a battle between the governor, the legislature, an active and
well-funded school funding advocacy
group, and district administrators for
the last four years over how the state
funds its schools.
At issue was how the state should
handle climbing health-care costs, the
growing number of ELLs and special
education students, the power of the
state's department of education to
dictate how underperforming districts
spend state money, and how much the
state should spend on school facilities.
An effort last year to overhaul the
state's funding formula failed. But a
revised version of the bill introduced
in September gained support from the
business community, teachers, administrators, and parent groups. Parents also challenged the constitutionality of the existing funding formula.
Under the new law, district superintendents and community members will be required to create threeyear plans to describe how they will
spend their money. The education
department is given authority to set
academic standards and assure that
the plans are legal. And the law funds
a grant for districts to find new ways
to close the achievement gap, and
for rural school districts to find new
spending efficiencies.
"This legislation is about making
sure that every kid in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, regardless
of where they live, where they go to
school, where they're from, has the
opportunity to get the education they
need to be great," Baker said at a billsigning event.


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Education Week - December 11, 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - December 11, 2019

Education Week - December 11, 2019
Math: the Most Potent Civics Lesson You Never Had
Choice Option Pushes A District to the Brink
A Decade of Change For Teachers
Dodgeball: Bullying Tool Or Fun Game?
Briefly Stated
What the Youth Vaping Epidemic Costs Schools
How Much Should Teachers Talk in Class? Some Say Less
What the Research Says
K-12 Aid Formulas on 2020 Legislative Agendas
Groups Weigh In as High Court Hears Guns Case
The Roots of Inequality
A Counternarrative to The ‘Achievement Gap’
Unlearning Deficit Language, Together
How Teachers Talk About Educational Disparities
Letters to the Editor
EdWeek Top School Jobs
Is G-A-P a Four-Letter Word?
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - Dodgeball: Bullying Tool Or Fun Game?
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 2
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - Briefly Stated
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 4
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - What the Youth Vaping Epidemic Costs Schools
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - What the Research Says
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 7
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - K-12 Aid Formulas on 2020 Legislative Agendas
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 9
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 10
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - Groups Weigh In as High Court Hears Guns Case
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 12
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 13
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 14
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 15
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 16
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - 17
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - The Roots of Inequality
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - A Counternarrative to The ‘Achievement Gap’
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - Unlearning Deficit Language, Together
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - How Teachers Talk About Educational Disparities
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - Letters to the Editor
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - EdWeek Top School Jobs
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - Is G-A-P a Four-Letter Word?
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - CW1
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - CW2
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - CW3
Education Week - December 11, 2019 - CW4
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