Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 15
GOVERNMENT & POLITICS
Tax Plan Poised to Change
Deductions, Choice in K-12
By Andrew Ujifusa
Public education advocates are still lobbying against proposed changes to the tax code
in Republican legislation that could have significant implications for state and local K-12
funding, while some school choice advocates
are celebrating an impending change to college-savings plans that could boost private
school options for parents.
Lawmakers from both the House and Senate will soon meet to try to reconcile their respective versions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,
which would be the first large-scale change to
the federal tax system since 1986. Although the
bills are similar in some respects, such as how
they treat deductions for state and local taxes,
they differ in others, including how much money
teachers could deduct from their taxes for spending their own money on classroom supplies.
Advocates for traditional public schools are
alarmed by the fact that both bills would reduce how much individuals can deduct their
state and local tax burdens from their federal
tax obligations. Each bill would allow individuals to deduct up to $10,000 in property
taxes from their federal taxes, but state taxes
could no longer be deductible. That could put
pressure on some state governments to correspondingly cut their own taxes to reduce the
overall taxation level of residents, and there-
fore, reduce public funds available for K-12.
Those advocates don't want lawmakers to
eliminate any of the current deductions, although getting rid of them is a major provision of both bills.
By contrast, Secretary of Education Betsy
DeVos scored a win with the provision in both
bills that up to $10,000 placed in 529 collegesavings plans could also be used for elementary and secondary schools, including for
private school tuition. That could boost the
availability of school choice.
One remaining gap between the two bills:
the classroom-expenses deduction for teachers. While the Senate bill would double the
current deduction to $500, the House bill
would eliminate it entirely.
'Individualized Needs'
The House and Senate bills also increase
the child tax credit, although by different
amounts. The credit would rise to $1,600 in
the House bill, while the Senate bill would
boost it to $2,000. However, it's unclear if all
families would enjoy the full benefits of the
increased tax credits, due to how different
household income levels are dealt with.
If lawmakers can reach an agreement in
the conference committee, then each chamber
would have to vote again on the final bill be-
fore it is sent to President Donald Trump for
his signature.
Public school advocates got some late help
from Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, who shortly
before the Senate's 51-49 vote on Dec. 2 to approve the bill successfully amended it to ensure that $10,000 in property taxes could be
deducted. Previously, the Senate version of the
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated all deductions for state and local taxes.
On the other hand, they failed to stop the
change to 529 plans written by Sen. Ted Cruz,
R-Texas, and added to the measure nearly
two hours before the bill itself passed. Cruz's
amendment also covers expenses related to
home schooling.
Senators voted 50-50 for Cruz's amendment,
and Vice President Mike Pence broke the tie
and voted in its favor. It was the second time
in 2017 that Pence cast a decisive vote in the
Senate on a major education issue-the first
was the chamber's vote to confirm DeVos as
education secretary.
"By expanding 529s, which Americans already value greatly, we will help ensure that
each child receives an education that meets
his or her individualized needs," Cruz said on
the Senate floor before the vote.
Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., the top Democrat
on the Senate finance committee, where the
tax bill originated, called Cruz's amendment
a "back-door assault" on public school funding.
The conservative Heritage Foundation's political arm "key voted" Cruz's proposal for 529
plans, meaning that the group factored senators' vote on the amendment into its overall
grades for lawmakers. The foundation and
other organizations say the change will make
it easier for more parents to enroll their children in the schools of their choice.
Others, however, say that the move represents little more than a tax benefit primarily
for wealthier families and won't do much of
anything to make school choice accessible to
lower-income parents.
The number of 529-plan accounts, and the
amount of money in them ($258 billion in
2015, according to one estimate), have both
risen in recent years. But a 2016 survey by an
investment firm found that 72 percent of those
polled had never heard of 529 plans.
Teacher Tax Deduction
Back in 2002, Sen. Collins successfully
pushed to include the $250 deduction teachers can claim for spending on classroom supplies into the tax bill. But it remains to be
seen if that deduction will change, or survive
at all. In 2015, the Internal Revenue Service
reported that 3.7 million tax returns included
a claim for this deduction. And the Tax Policy
Center estimated that for 2017, the deduction
will cost the government about $210 million
in tax revenue, or about 0.3 percent of the U.S.
Department of Education's budget.
In their tax rewrite, Republicans have publicly emphasized the need to simplify the tax
code-through getting rid of many specialized
deductions-while lowering overall tax rates.
However, many teachers have argued that
the $250 deduction is important recognition
that they frequently spend their own money
to help their students, even though the deduction itself often isn't tremendously valuable on
a relative scale.
Civil Rights, Spec. Ed. Picks on Hot Seat
Democrats on the Senate education
committee had some tough questions
for President Donald Trump's picks to
head up civil rights and special education policy at the U.S. Department of
Education as the members vetted them
for confirmation.
Kenneth Marcus, who is currently
the head of a Jewish civil rights organization and has been tapped to
lead the department's office for civil
rights, and Johnny Collett, the program director for special education at
the Council of Chief State School Officers, are likely to be confirmed. But
Democrats used the Dec. 5 hearing to
air deep concerns about the Trump
administration's record on both civil
rights and disabilities issues.
"One of the most appalling ways
that President Trump has damaged
our country is when it comes to civil
rights-and undermining the rights
and safety of women, people of color,
and people with disabilities," said Sen.
Patty Murray of Washington state, the
top Democrat on the panel.
Murray said Marcus appears to
"share the goal of halting discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, or
religion," particularly on college campuses. But she worries about his ability
to stand up to Trump and to U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.
And she expressed qualms about
Collett's record as head of special education in Kentucky. She noted that
the state was criticized for allowing
frequent use of seclusion and restraint
in schools, which are used to a disproportionate degree on students with disabilities.
"Only after public outcry and work
from the [state's] protection and advocacy agency did Kentucky take steps
to address this," Murray said. "Additionally, you told my staff you support
Secretary DeVos' privatization agenda,
which includes a $20 billion school
voucher proposal. Voucher programs do
not support all of the needs of students
with disabilities."
But Sen. Lamar Alexander, R-Tenn.,
the chairman of the committee, defended both nominees. He said Marcus "has a deep understanding of civil
rights issues having founded the Louis
D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights
and having served as staff director of
the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights for
four years." He said he had letters from
10 individuals and organizations supporting Marcus' nomination. And he
said that Collett is "widely supported
by the special education community."
Civil Rights Protections
Marcus served as the acting assistant secretary at the office for civil
rights during President George W.
Bush's administration. During his
testimony, he played up his record of
looking out for disadvantaged groups
of students.
For instance, he noted that during
his tenure, OCR worked to make sure
that racial and ethnic minorities and
Photos by Tasos Katopodis for Education Week
By Alyson Klein
& Christina A. Samuels
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: Johnny
Collett, the nominee to head
up federal special education
programs, and Kenneth
Marcus, the pick to lead the
U.S. Department of
Education's office for civil
rights, appear at a Senate
confirmation hearing.
English-language learners were not
placed in special education programs
that didn't meet their needs.
But Marcus also did not distance
himself from any of the president's
past statements about women's
rights and civil rights when questioned about them.
If confirmed, Marcus said he
would, "work to strengthen OCR,
to preserve civil rights, to seek
equal justice for all, to respect the
rule of law, and to promote public
confidence."
Under the Trump administration, OCR has shifted away from
examining each civil rights comPAGE 17 >
EDUCATION WEEK | December 13, 2017 | www.edweek.org | 15
http://www.edweek.org
Education Week - December 13, 2017
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - December 13, 2017
Education Week - December 13, 2017
Shift to Party-Driven Elections Looms as a Wild Card in N.C.
Graduation Rates Rise for All, Experts Differ on Causes
Leaving Partisan Divisions Outside Their Classrooms
In California, a Quest to Give Minority Voters a Bigger Voice
News in Brief
Report Roundup
U.S. 4th Graders Are Outpaced By Other Nations on Latest International Reading Test
GAO: Vouchers Leave Parents In Dark On Special Ed. Rights
U.S. Charter Schools Tend to Harbor Racial Isolation, AP Finds
DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: U.S. Agencies Grapple With Student-Data-Privacy Guidance
Inside a Key Voting-Rights Precedent
Tax Plan Poised to Change Deductions, Choice in K-12
Civil Rights, Spec. Ed. Picks On Hot Seat
Missouri Chief’s Ouster Sparks Political, Legal Aftershocks
GOP Proposes Revamp For Higher Ed. Law
Charles Fadel: How to Modernize Education For The AI Age
Michael Bennett: It’s Time To Start Taking AI Seriously
Milton Chen: The Future Workforce Demands Extreme Learners
Tess Posner: AI’s Future Is in the Hands of Those Who Create It
Letters
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Christopher Dede: Preparing for the Future Means Unlearning What We Know
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - In California, a Quest to Give Minority Voters a Bigger Voice
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 2
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 3
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Report Roundup
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 5
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - GAO: Vouchers Leave Parents In Dark On Special Ed. Rights
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 7
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - U.S. Charter Schools Tend to Harbor Racial Isolation, AP Finds
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: U.S. Agencies Grapple With Student-Data-Privacy Guidance
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 10
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Inside a Key Voting-Rights Precedent
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 12
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 13
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 14
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Civil Rights, Spec. Ed. Picks On Hot Seat
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Missouri Chief’s Ouster Sparks Political, Legal Aftershocks
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - GOP Proposes Revamp For Higher Ed. Law
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 18
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 19
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 20
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 21
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Michael Bennett: It’s Time To Start Taking AI Seriously
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 23
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Letters
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 25
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 27
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 28
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 29
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 30
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - 31
Education Week - December 13, 2017 - Christopher Dede: Preparing for the Future Means Unlearning What We Know
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